Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases of Pet Birds

Pees, Michael; Krautwald‐Junghanns, Maria‐Elisabeth

doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2008.08.003

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An additional AV ring allows for rapid depolarization of the ventricles. 3 Techniques such as electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography have been used to perform repeated evaluations of cardiovascular function in birds. [4][5][6][7] Such noninvasive techniques assess cardiac function indirectly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be explained by the fact that avian ventricular depolarization, in contrast to the process in mammals, is not directed from the endocardium to the outer aspect of the myocardium of the heart but is rather diffuse. 3 The Purkinje fibers of birds follow the coronary arteries and, therefore, take a relatively short course through the thick left myocardium. This accounts for the rapid arrival of the excitation wave at a given point on the surface of the left ventricular wall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

Hassanpour

Zarei²,

Hojjati³

2011

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

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The goal of this study was to describe normal electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns and values in conscious helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). Using 8 clinically healthy birds, 4 males and 4 females, standard bipolar and augmented unipolar limb lead ECGs were recorded. Wave forms were analyzed in all leads at 50 mm/s and at 10 mm = 1 mV to determine PR, QRS, ST, QT durations; the net QRS complex; and P and T amplitudes. The polarity of each wave form was tabulated in all leads. The mean electrical axis (MEA) for the frontal plane was calculated by using leads II and III. The mean (SD) heart rate calculated from the lead II was 338.4 +/- 19.0 beats/min. The P wave was predominantly positive in all leads. The dominant pattern of wave forms of the QRS complexes was RS in leads II, III, and aVF; R in lead I; QR in lead aVR; and qR in lead aVL. The T wave was predominantly positive in leads I, II, III, and aVF. The mean (SD) of the heart MEA was -60.2 degrees +/- 24.0 degrees. The ECG values and patterns tabulated in these clinically normal helmeted guinea fowl should provide a means of comparison to aid in the diagnosis of pathologic abnormalities in this species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

Hassanpour

Zarei²,

Hojjati³

2011

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is important to consider that wild birds kept in captivity often have inadequate intake of vitamins and calcium, with excessive fat or low protein and energy intake, which leads to nutritional alterations that may go unnoticed and predispose the animals to cardiac diseases (Péron & Grosset, 2014). Heart diseases in pet birds are more significant than previously believed, and a cardiac evaluation should be included in routine clinical examinations (Pees & Krautwald-Junghanns, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although cardiac diseases are relatively rare in wild birds, they have a greater impact on pet birds, especially parrots (Pees & Krautwald-Junghanns, 2009). Nutritional considerations in many chronic diseases are not fully understood in everyday clinical practice (Boban et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Santos

Silva

Hippólito

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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This study aimed to assess radiographic and tomographic cardiac parameters, including width and length of the heart, and the ratio of heart width to coelom width of blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. Thirty‐five captive birds were included in the study and were allocated into one of three groups according to their respective body condition score: lean, ideal and obese. No differences were observed among the groups with regard to radiographic and tomographic measurements. Computed tomography enabled better identification of the structures of the cardiovascular system without interference from the overlying structures of the celomatic cavity observed in radiographic images. However, radiographic examinations should still be considered the standard screening method to identify cardiac alterations, such as increased or reduced organ dimensions. Standardizing the techniques and measurements performed in this study may serve as a basis for further research in the field.

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“…It is important to considered that wild birds kept in captivity often have inadequate intakes of vitamins and calcium, with excessive fat intake or low protein and energy intake, which lead to nutritional alterations that may go unnoticed and predispose the animals to cardiac diseases [4]. Heart diseases in pet birds are more significant than previously believed and a cardiac evaluation should be included in the routine clinical examination [11]. The advanced technologies available nowadays, the improvement of anesthetic techniques, the behavioral conditioning and the better understanding of the physiology of these animals have resulted in a fast expansion of the imaging diagnosis methods available to wild animals [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular parameters in capitive blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Santos

Aleixo

Silva

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This study aims at determining the echocardiographic, radiographic and tomographic parameters of blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) with varying body condition scores. Thirty-five birds grown in captivity were included in the study and allocated into groups according to their respective body condition scores: Lean, Ideal and Obese. The echocardiographic evaluation revealed that obese parrots presented lower right ventricle dimensions in diastole than lean parrots. The fractional shortening was considerably lower in obese parrots than in parrots with lean and ideal body condition scores, but without statistical significance. The flow rate and the aortic pressure gradient were lower in the lean group than in the ideal group. No differences were observed between the groups when comparing the radiographic and tomographic measurements. Therefore, as is the case in mammals, we can conclude that alterations in the nutritional state of blue-fronted amazon parrots lead to cardiovascular dysfunctions detected only through an echocardiographic evaluation, which represents an important diagnostic tool for these animals. Computed tomography scans allowed a better identification of the structures of the cardiovascular system without the overlaying structures of the celomatic cavity observed in radiographic images. However, radiographic examinations should still be considered the standard screening examination to identify cardiac alterations such as increased or reduced organ dimensions. Standardizing the technique and describing the measurements obtained in this study may serve as a basis for further research.

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Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases of Pet Birds

Cited by 45 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

Analysis of Electrocardiographic Parameters in Helmeted Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris)

Computed tomographic and radiographic morphometric study of cardiac and coelomic dimensions in captive blue‐fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

Cardiovascular parameters in capitive blue-fronted amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva, Linnaeus, 1758) with varying body condition scores

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