Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome

Isomaa, Bo; Almgren, Peter; Tuomi, Tiinamaija; Forsén, Björn; Lahti, Kaj; Nissén, Michael John; Taskinen, Marja‐Riitta; Groop, Leif

doi:10.2337/diacare.24.4.683

Cited by 4,119 publications

(2,849 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Metabolic syndrome has been shown to associate with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, and also increase the risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in later life. [6][7][8][9][10] Hence, metabolic syndrome has become one of the major challenges in public health worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and hepatitis B infection are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in university freshmen

Chiu

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated risk factors in a cohort of university freshmen. Design: A cross-sectional study in a university health center in North Taiwan. Subjects: A total of 8226 students (mean age: 19.272.3 years) receiving pre-entrance health examinations and lifestyle questionnaires during the 2005-2006 academic year were recruited. Measurements: A fasting plasma glucose, lipids, uric acid and hepatitis B serology were measured for each subject. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components were examined using the America Heart Association and National Heart Lung Blood Institute criteria. The risk factors for metabolic syndrome were identified using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome was 12.7% (17.0% in men and 7.6% in women), 13.0% (18.4% in men and 6.4% in women) and 4.6% (6.4% in men and 2.4% in women). The risk for metabolic syndrome increased with an increase of body mass index and plasma uric acid level, and decreased with the vigorous physical activity and current alcohol drinking. Furthermore, as compared to subjects with seroprotective titers from hepatitis B vaccination (antiHBs( þ ) and anti-HBc(À)), those without protective titers of anti-HBs after vaccination or without hepatitis B infection (antiHBs(À) and anti-HBc(À)) had 34% higher risk for metabolic syndrome, and those with natural infection of hepatitis B (anti-HBc( þ )) had 58% higher risk for metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome were more common among men than women in university freshmen. Hepatitis B vaccination with anti-HBs( þ ) was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome as compared to antiHBs(À). However, hepatitis B infection presented with anti-HBc( þ ) was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. The interplay between hepatitis B infection, hepatitis B vaccination and metabolic syndrome needs further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and hepatitis B infection are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in university freshmen

Chiu

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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“…The effect of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in subjects without established cardiovascular disease is well established, including increased noncardiovascular morbidity and general mortality 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Moreover, each of the independent components of the MetS has also been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, with a variation in the magnitude of these relationships among the different individual components 4, 8, 9, 10, 11…”

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confidence: 99%

Impaired Fasting Glucose Is the Major Determinant of the 20‐Year Mortality Risk Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Nondiabetic Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Younis

Goldkorn

Goldenberg

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundWe wanted to explore the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) versus its individual components with 20‐year all‐cause mortality among patients with stable coronary artery disease.Methods and ResultsThe cohort comprised 12 403 nondiabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease who were enrolled in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention Registry between February 1990 and October 1992 and followed up through December 2014. The study cohort was divided into 4 groups: patients without MetS or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), patients with IFG but without MetS, patients with MetS but without IFG, and patients with both MetS and IFG. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that at 20 years of follow‐up, the rates of all‐cause mortality were the highest among patients with both MetS and IFG (66%). Patients with IFG without MetS experienced a significantly higher mortality rate compared with those with MetS without IFG (61% versus 56%; log‐rank P<0.001). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that the final Cox model demonstrated that the additive effect of MetS (hazard ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–1.16; P=0.02) and IFG (hazard ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.46–1.62; P<0.001) on 20 years mortality was nonsignificant (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.93–1.11; P=0.69). IFG was associated with the most pronounced increase in mortality risk among the individual components (hazard ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–1.3; P<0.001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that IFG alone is a major independent predictor of long‐term mortality among patients with stable coronary artery disease versus other components of the MetS.

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“…Human abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome [13], a cluster of syndrome phenotypes, increases the risk of developing both diabetes mellitus [14] and cardiovascular disease [15,16]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies with age and sex [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal-component-based multivariate regression for genetic association studies of metabolic syndrome components

et al. 2010

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BackgroundQuantitative traits often underlie risk for complex diseases. For example, weight and body mass index (BMI) underlie the human abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome. Many attempts have been made to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) over the past decade, including association studies. However, a single QTL is often capable of affecting multiple traits, a quality known as gene pleiotropy. Gene pleiotropy may therefore cause a loss of power in association studies focused only on a single trait, whether based on single or multiple markers.ResultsWe propose using principal-component-based multivariate regression (PCBMR) to test for gene pleiotropy with comprehensive evaluation. This method generates one or more independent canonical variables based on the principal components of original traits and conducts a multivariate regression to test for association with these new variables. Systematic simulation studies have shown that PCBMR has great power. PCBMR-based pleiotropic association studies of abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome and its possible linkage to chromosomal band 3q27 identified 11 susceptibility genes with significant associations. Whereas some of these genes had been previously reported to be associated with metabolic traits, others had never been identified as metabolism-associated genes.ConclusionsPCBMR is a computationally efficient and powerful test for gene pleiotropy. Application of PCBMR to abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome indicated the existence of gene pleiotropy affecting this syndrome.

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Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Associated With the Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 4,119 publications

References 42 publications

Obesity and hepatitis B infection are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in university freshmen

Obesity and hepatitis B infection are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in university freshmen

Impaired Fasting Glucose Is the Major Determinant of the 20‐Year Mortality Risk Associated With Metabolic Syndrome in Nondiabetic Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease

Principal-component-based multivariate regression for genetic association studies of metabolic syndrome components

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