Cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for tissue characterization after acute myocardial injury

Role of computed tomography in COVID-19

“…102 Nowadays, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered the imaging modality of choice for diagnosing myocarditis. 103 Typical CMR features of acute viral myocarditis include diffuse myocardial edema on T2-weighted imaging, hyperemia on early gadolinium enhancement imaging, areas of myocardial fibrosis with a non-ischemic distribution on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), increased signal on native T1 and T2 mapping, 104 and increased extracellular volume (ECV). 105 Interestingly, preliminary studies in which CMR was performed in patients with active COVID-19 or who recovered from COVID-19 showed that the most common finding was myocardial edema (54%-100%) while fibrosis on LGE was present in a lower proportion of patients (30%-41%).…”

Cardiac MRI—Update 2020

“…T1 mapping T1 mapping is a quantitative technique by which the T1 relaxation times of each pixel of myocardium can be measured and a map of T1 values created. These maps play an important role for patients with diffuse or subtle changes in the myocardium that cannot be detected by visual inspection of gray-scale images [7,35]. Even isotropic sequences are currently being developed, which will enable three-dimensional (3D) mapping [27].…”

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: the future is bright

“…T1 mapping is able to identify earlier diffuse fibrosis and can detect subtle changes in heart muscle pathology in a non-invasive manner 7 . In addition, T1 mapping may allow more precise quantification of an area of infarction 1 . T1 mapping also enables extracellular volume measurement (ECV) which can also measure myocardial fibrosis in reference to left ventricular volume 7 .…”

“…Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has rapidly emerged as a robust diagnostic option for evaluating a number of pathological entities in cardiology. Furthermore, CMR is the gold standard for non-invasive measurement of left ventricular and right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction 1 . CMR enables non-invasive cardiac visualization with augmented temporal and spatial resolution along with high blood-to-tissue contrast 2 .…”

“…Recent advances in software and technological hardware have propelled the development of new methods that can substantially augment cardiovascular diagnosis, prognosis, and risk stratification 3 . CMR permits visual assessment through a variety of approaches, which include late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), T1 mapping, and T2 mapping 1 . Strain imaging is an emerging diagnostic modality that can serve as a prognostic imaging marker to evaluate myocardial function beyond the ejection fraction 4 .…”