Cardiovascular Involvement in Thyrotoxicosis Resulting in Heart Failure: The Risk Factors and Hemodynamic Implications

Abstract

Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical syndrome with persistently elevated concentrations of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, or both, which correlates with an increased thyroid metabolic function. This article has discussed the direct effect of increased thyroid hormone on the heart, as the thyroid hormone physiologically exhibits a close harmony with hormones of the cardiovascular system. This action can lead to disturbances in hemodynamic stability, exacerbating the possibility of developing complications such as heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias. This article has also explored the multifaceted pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis and various pharmacological treatment options, including beta-blockers and anti-thyroid drugs. This article has reviewed numerous studies that have concluded that the main goal of therapy should always aim to normalize thyroid hormone levels based on the etiology of the thyrotoxicosis, although cardiovascular conditions are associated with a higher rate of mortality.

Recurrent peri‐myocarditis: A rarer but unfortunate redundant presentation of thyroid storm

“…Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical condition characterized by persistently elevated levels of FT3, FT4, or both, which correlate with increased or reduced thyroid metabolic activity 3 . Thyroid storm, also known as thyrotoxic crisis, is the most severe form of thyrotoxicosis and is typically characterized by organ malfunction and failure 4 .…”

“…Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical condition characterized by persistently elevated levels of FT3, FT4, or both, which correlate with increased or reduced thyroid metabolic activity. 3 Thyroid storm, also known as thyrotoxic crisis, is the most severe form of thyrotoxicosis and is typically characterized by organ malfunction and failure. 4 Cardiovascular manifestations are the most severe presentation of thyrotoxicosis, most commonly atrial fibrillation and tachycardia‐induced cardiomyopathy also, coronary vasospasm, and autoimmune myocarditis, all of which can mimic ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).…”

Kardiomiopati Tirotoksikosis

“…3 WHO mendaftarkan dengue sebagai ancaman potensial di antara 10 ancaman kesehatan global di tahun 2019. 4 Tingkat kematian akibat dengue mencapai 20% pada penderita dengue berat. 4 Jumlah kasus dengue yang dilaporkan ke WHO meningkat 8 kali lipat dalam dua dekade terakhir, dari 505.430 kasus di tahun 2000, menjadi lebih dari 2,4 juta kasus di tahun 2010, dan 5,2 juta kasus di tahun 2019.…”

Thyrotoxicosis-Induced Cardiomyopathy With Systolic Dysfunction

“…There is a vast amount of literature on the relationship between thyrotoxicosis as well as hyperthyroidism and high-output heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, there has been a paucity of articles discussing the development of severe left ventricular dysfunction in a patient with acute thyrotoxicosis [14,15].…”