Cardiovascular health, traffic-related air pollution and noise: are associations mutually confounded? A systematic review

Tétreault, L; Perron, Stéphane; Smargiassi, Audrey

doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0489-7

Cited by 142 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A more recent systematic review has suggested that while there is limited evidence of confounding between noise and traffic-related air pollutants, better indicators of near-road exposures are needed. 45 If intermittent noise metrics are relevant for health impacts, their risks may be less confounded by air pollution because they are less spatially correlated with combustion-related pollutants. Our study showed a strong correlation of noise with nearby traffic density (within 100 m) which contrast to prior studies that show the larger spatial extent of combustion-related traffic pollutants, 46,47 suggesting that noise monitoring could provide opportunities to disentangle the cardiovascular risks of combustion and non-combustion traffic pollution.…”

Section: Spatial Variation In Environmental Noise and Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation in Environmental Noise and Air Pollution in New York City

et al. 2014

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Exposure to environmental noise from traffic is common in urban areas and has been linked to increased risks of adverse health effects including cardiovascular disease. Because traffic sources also produce air pollutants that increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity, associations between traffic exposures and health outcomes may involve confounding and/or synergisms between air pollution and noise. While prior studies have characterized intraurban spatial variation in air pollution in New York City (NYC), limited data exists on the levels and spatial variation in noise levels. We measured 1-week equivalent continuous sound pressure levels (L eq ) at 56 sites during the fall of 2012 across NYC locations with varying traffic intensity and building density that are routinely monitored for combustion-related air pollutants. We evaluated correlations among several noise metrics used to characterize noise exposures, including L eq during different time periods (night, day, weekday, weekend), L dn (day-night noise), and measures of intermittent noise defined as the ratio of peak levels to median and background levels. We also examined correlations between sound pressure levels and co-located simultaneous measures of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and black carbon (BC) as well as estimates of traffic and building density around the monitoring sites. Noise levels varied widely across the 56 monitoring sites; 1-week L eq varied by 21.6 dBA (range 59.1-80.7 dBA) with the highest levels observed during the weekday, daytime hours. Indices of average noise were well correlated with each other (r9 0.83), while indices of intermittent noise were not well correlated with average noise levels (rG0.41). One-week L eq correlated well with NO, NO 2 , and EC levels (r=0.61 to 0.68) and less so with PM 2.5 levels (r=0.45). We observed associations between 1-week noise levels and traffic intensity within 100 m of the monitoring sites (r = 0.58). The high levels of noise observed in NYC often exceed recommended guidelines for outdoor and personal exposures, suggesting unhealthy levels in many locations. Associations between noise, traffic, and combustion air pollutants suggest the possibility for confounding and/or synergism in intraurban epidemiological studies of traffic-related health effects. The different spatial pattern of intermittent noise compared to average noise level may suggest different sources.Kheirbek, Ito, Kim, Johnson, and Matte are with the New York City

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Section: Spatial Variation In Environmental Noise and Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variation in Environmental Noise and Air Pollution in New York City

et al. 2014

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“…This belief is derived from Islamic doctrine according which actual structure of the human is related to his/her spirit and spiritual aspect [8]. There is difference between spirit and soul based on religious resources [28].…”

Section: The Spirit Dignities In Islamic Doctrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We could attribute these five dignities of the spirit to the multiple degrees of the spirit including vegetal, animal, and human aspects [6]. Actually, the human has only a single spirit, and the mentioned dignities are considered in a longitudinal relation with this individual spirit which are sometimes mentioned as the "spirit forces" (Ghova-yeNafs) [8].…”

Section: The Spirit Dignities In Islamic Doctrinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, for a long time any discussions on spirituality and religion had been considered unsuitable in the medical education and practice [7]. It is due to the materialistic philosophy of the modern medicine which could be traced to Rene Descartes, a seventeenth-century philosopher who believed the dominance of mechanical laws on the world processes without any meaning and purpose [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eternal Spirituality: An Outstanding Aspect of Iranian Islamic Traditional Medicine

Asgary¹

2017

IJCAM

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Today, spirituality is considered as an impartible, determinant section of medicine without which the health is not achieved. Although it is paid attention in research-based literature of modern current medicine, actually there is no considerable favor toward it among clinical practitioners. In contrast to modern medicine according which spirituality is confined to "what gives meaning to life and provides pleasure", Iranian-Islamic traditional medicine (IITM) introduces an eternal comprehensive pattern of spirituality involving both therapist and patient and their interaction with each other and with Lord too. According to Islamic doctrine, spirituality is attributed to relation between the human and Lord, and human spirit has several dignities among which "soul of faith" is the highest one among usual faithful people. A therapeutic intervention has majority efficacy when therapist is in a high dignity of spiritual state. Physician can also promote the moral state of patient by an efficient spiritual interacting. Moreover, it is considered a substantial therapeutic efficacy for a compassionate relation between therapist and patient based on religious, spiritual beliefs. Spiritual state of a patient has also a significant effect on his/her treatment, recovery, and well-being in favor of which have been done a main body of medical research. Apparently, we can reach to more favorite medical outcomes by observing the IITM recommendations toward spirituality.

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“…The article of Tétreault et al (2013), ''Cardiovascular health, traffic-related air pollution and noise: are associations mutually confounded? A systematic review'' has been chosen for the IJPH conference award.…”

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confidence: 99%