Cardiovascular Effects of Procaine and Lidocaine (Xylocaine®) During General Anesthesia

Kimmey, James R.; Steinhaus, John E.

doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1959.tb00002.x

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Early studies were focused mainly on its local anaesthetic effect (Goldberg, 1949;Gordh, 1948;Wiedling, 1952). Kimmey and Steinhaus (1959) the intravenous dose was limited to 1 to 2 mg. /kg. The mechanism of this effect was not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Central Action of Lignocaine and Its Effect on Cardiac Output

Kao

Jalar

1959

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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Fifty-nine tests were performed on twenty-four anaesthetized dogs in a study of the effects of lignocaine on circulatory and respiratory functions. In single-dog experiments, it was shown that lignocaine (1 to 2 mg./kg. body weight) increased ventilation somewhat, but had no effect on 02 consumption. Cardiac output was increased due to a rise in both heart rate and stroke volume. There was an elevation of arterial blood pressure. The central blood volume was increased, but central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance and the ventilationperfusion ratio were decreased. The increase in cardiac output after lignocaine was abolished both in decerebrate and in vagotomized dogs. In cross-circulation experiments with dogs, it was demonstrated that the primary site of action of lignocaine on cardiac output was central. The effect of lignocaine on cardiac output could be blocked by intravenous procaine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignocaine increases the arterial blood pressure in man (Kimmey and Steinhaus, 1959) and in dogs (Carden and Steinhaus, 1956) when the dose is limited to 1 to 2 mg. /kg. body weight.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Central Action of Lignocaine and Its Effect on Cardiac Output

Kao

Jalar

1959

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…The actions of lidocaine on different features of the cardiovascular system such as myocardial contractility (15,16), heart rate (15,17,18), blood pressure (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and diastolic threshold for excitation of the ventricle (16) have been determined. How-…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological Actions of Lidocaine on Canine Ventricular Muscle and Purkinje Fibers

Davis

Temte

1969

Circulation Research

157

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Isolated canine papillary muscles with attached false tendons were perfused with Tyrode's solution containing lidocaine. Transmembrane action potentials of ventricular muscle fibers and Purkinje fibers were recorded with glass microelectrodes. Repolarization of Purkinje fibers was accelerated by lidocaine but that of ventricular muscle fibers was unaffected. The maximum rate of rise of the action potential of Purkinje fibers decreased only at 50.0 mg/ liter lidocaine; that of ventricular muscle fibers was unchanged by any concentration. The curve relating rate of rise of premature responses to level of membrane potential for Purkinje fibers was unchanged with 5.0 mg/liter but shifted down and to the right with 10.0 and 50.0 mg/liter. The effective refractory period of Purkinje fibers shortened at 5.0 and lengthened at 50.0 mg/liter. The level of membrane potential needed to elicit premature propagated responses in Purkinje fibers with a standardized test stimulus increased and the earliest responses obtained in the presence of lidocaine were relatively large. Duration of the effective refractory period of ventricular muscle fibers was unchanged with 5.0 mg/liter but lengthened progressively with 10.0 and 50.0 mg/liter. Lidocaine impaired the ability of both fibers to respond to rapid frequencies of stimulation, slowed the rate of inherent diastolic depolarization of driven Purkinje fibers, decreased the rate of discharge of spontaneously beating preparations, and minimized the increase in rate and magnitude of diastolic depolarization caused normally by epinephrine. The possible role of these effects of lidocaine in regard to its antiarrhythmic actions was discussed.

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“…The concentrations of lidocaine in arterial or venous blood or plasma are not either directly comparable as the drug is not equally distributed between erythrocytes and plasma and as in venous blood after passage through the liver, part of the drug has been metabolized (PRES- COTT & NIMMO 1971). That intravenously infused lidocaine has effects on the central circulation as shown by increased Q, arterial blood pressure and HR, has also been suggested by KIMMEY &STEINHAUS (1959) andshown by FOLDES et al (1960), JORFELDT et al (1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Circulatory Changes during Continuous Epidural Blockade

Sjögren

Wright

1972

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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In 23 otherwise healthy patients continuous epidural blockade was given postoperatively for 2 days in connection with cholecystectomy. Thirteen patients received blockade of thoracic type with the epidural catheter inserted at the T,-T, interspace and with a mean segmental spread from T, to TI,. Ten patients received blockade of lumbar type with the epidural catheter at the L,-L, interspace and a mean spread from T, to L,. The continuous blockade was maintained by a drip infusion of 0.4 per cent plain lidocaine (Xylocain@), and the mean dose rate was in the thoracic group 3.2 and in the lumbar 4.5 mg/h. kg body weight. In both groups the effects of the blockade on circulation prior to surgery was small, and the only significant change was a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure by 10 per cent. O n the day after operation with a lidocaine venous blood concentration in the thoracic group of 4.9 ,ug/ml and in the lumbar of 5.7 ,ug/ml, cardiac output was high (increased by 43 per cent) whereas oxygen uptake was moderately high (increased by 14 per cent). Total peripheral resistance was markedly lowered and mean arterial blood pressure slightly lowered. Heart work was not significantly increased.

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Cardiovascular Effects of Procaine and Lidocaine (Xylocaine®) During General Anesthesia

Cited by 35 publications

References 10 publications

The Central Action of Lignocaine and Its Effect on Cardiac Output

The Central Action of Lignocaine and Its Effect on Cardiac Output

Electrophysiological Actions of Lidocaine on Canine Ventricular Muscle and Purkinje Fibers

Circulatory Changes during Continuous Epidural Blockade

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