Cardiovascular effects of coffee and caffeine

Whitsett, Thomas L.; Manion, Carl V.; Christensen, H.Dix

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(84)90525-3

Cited by 161 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Our results support earlier evidence of the association between increased blood pressure and coffee (Whitsett et al, 1984;Casiglia et al, 1991) or caffeine intake (Casiglia et al, 1991;Nurminen et al, 1999), suggesting that CC may have acute unfavorable cardiovascular effects in healthy subjects. However, in a study by Corti et al (2002), espresso DC increased systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure in four subjects, 30 and 60 min after coffee ingestion, suggesting that components of coffee other than caffeine may be responsible for the pressor effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Coffee is the most widely consumed beverage in the world, but its effect on the cardiovascular system has not been fully understood. Coffee contains caffeine and antioxidants, which may influence endothelial function, both of which have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the acute effects of coffee on endothelial function measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Subjects/Methods: A total of 20 (10 males and 10 females) healthy non-obese subjects underwent a double-blind, crossover study. Subjects ingested one cup of caffeinated (CC) and one cup of decaffeinated (DC) Italian espresso coffee in random order at 5-to 7-day intervals. Results: Following CC ingestion, FMD decreased progressively and significantly (mean±s.e.m.: 0 min, 7.7±0.6; 30 min, 6.3 ± 0.7; 60 min, 6.0 ± 0.8%; ANOVA (analysis of variance), Po0.05), but it did not significantly increase after DC ingestion (0 min, 6.9±0.6; 30 min, 8.1±0.9; 60 min, 8.5±0.9%; P ¼ 0.115). Similarly, CC significantly increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure; this effect was not observed after DC ingestion. Blood glucose concentrations remained unchanged after ingestion of both CC and DC, but insulin (0 min, 15.8±0.9; 60 min, 15.0±0.8 mU/ml; Po0.05) and C-peptide (0 min, 1.25 ± 0.09; 60 min, 1.18 ± 0.09 ng/ml; Po0.01) blood concentrations decreased significantly only after CC ingestion. Conclusions: CC acutely induced unfavorable cardiovascular effects, especially on endothelial function. In the fasting state, insulin secretion is also likely reduced after CC ingestion. Future studies will determine whether CC has detrimental clinically relevant effects, especially in unhealthy subjects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects

et al. 2010

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“…7 - 19 It may represent a baroreceptor-mediated effort to limit the caffeineinduced increase in blood pressure. 20 - 21 Thus, our findings on heart rate further support the notion that a switch to decaffeinated coffee does induce significant hemodynamic alterations.…”

Section: Heart Ratesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Whitsett et al 21 found no differences between the acute response of blood pressure and heart rate to caffeine as such and to caffeine in the form of coffee, in either caffeine users or nonusers. This suggests that the effect of regular versus decaffeinated coffee on blood pressure is caused by the difference in caffeine content rather than to some other ingredient and that other caffeine sources such as cola and tea may cause the same effect when consumed in substantial amounts.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on blood pressure. A 12-week, double-blind trial.

et al. 1989

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The effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on blood pressure and heart rate was investigated. In a randomized double-blind, crossover trial, 45 healthy volunteers (23 women and 22 men, 25-45 years old) with a habitual intake of 4-6 cups coffee/day received 5 cups of regular coffee each day for a period of 6 weeks, and 5 cups of decaffeinated coffee for the next 6 weeks or vice versa. The background diet was kept constant. The total amount of caffeine ingested was 40 mg during the decaffeinated coffee period and 445 mg during the regular coffee period. Use of decaffeinated coffee led to a significant but small decrease in systolic (mean±SEM, -1 . 5 ± 0 . 4 mm Hg; />=0.002) and diastolic (-1.0±0.4 mm Hg; p=0.017) ambulant blood pressure and to a small increase in ambulant heart rate (+1.3±0.6 beats/min; p=0.031). Individual differences in rate of caffeine metabolism did not explain differences in long-term response of blood pressure to caffeine. We conclude that in normotensive adults replacement of regular by decaffeinated coffee leads to a real but small fall in blood pressure. However, it remains to be established whether a mass switch from regular to decaffeinated coffee would significantly reduce the total incidence of hypertension-related disorders. (Hypertension 1989;14:563-569) C offee is the most widely used stimulant in Western society. In the Netherlands, 94% of adults drink at least 1 cup/day, and the per capita intake is 4.5 cups/day.1 An increasing proportion of consumers is switching from regular to decaffeinated coffee. In the Netherlands, the market share of decaffeinated coffee grew from 2% in 1984 to 4% in 1987. In the United States, the proportion is already 20%.2 The switch is motivated partly by the well-documented negative effects of caffeine on the quality of sleep and partly by other purported negative effects, including those on the cardiovascular system. However, surprisingly little is known about the actual long-term effect of switching to decaffeinated coffee and how this switch will affect risk factors for coronary heart disease.Epidemiological surveys on the relation between coffee consumption and blood pressure have yielded Supported by Grant 87.026 from the Netherlands Heart Foundation. The coffee was a gift of the Dutch association of coffee toasters and tea packers.Received May 2, 1989; accepted in revised form June 29,1989. contradictory findings.3 -5 Controlled trials showed that in subjects who have abstained from caffeine for a number of days blood pressure rises acutely after a caffeine load. The extent of this acute pressor effect of caffeine depends on the amount and frequency of previous caffeine intake and on the rate of caffeine metabolism; subjects with a high coffee intake appear to be less sensitive to the pressure-elevating effect of caffeine.6 This was confirmed by one experiment that showed no effect of caffeine consumption on blood pressure after 4 weeks 7 ; however, the diet was not controlled, and the power of this trial was small.In the present study...

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“…In other studies correlations were analysed between coffee ingestion and morbidity or mortality from coronary heart disease, and most of them observed no significant association (Dawber et al, 1974). In pharmacological studies there is also evidence for a positive association between blood pressure and caffeine intake (Smits et al, 1983;Whitsett et al, 1984). Other studies, however, suggested that after chronic caffeine ingestion the pressor response to coffee disappears (Robertson et al, 1981;Ammon et al, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decaffeinated coffee powder has a very low caffeine content, approximately 0.05% vs 1.2-2.0% of regular coffee. Dose-response studies on the haemodynamic effects of caffeine only are available in dose ranges equivalent to two to eight cups of coffee (Whitsett et al, 1980) but not in the range of low caffeine doses as in decaffeinated coffee. Therefore we studied haemodynamic and humoral variables before and after drinking regular and decaffeinated coffee.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cardiovascular effects of regular and decaffeinated coffee.

Smits¹,

Thien²,

Laar³

1985

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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In a single-blind study the effects of drinking two cups of regular or decaffeinated coffee on blood pressure, heart rate, forearm blood flow and plasma concentrations of caffeine, renin and catecholamines were studied in 12 normotensive subjects. Drinking regular coffee led to a rise of blood pressure, a fall of heart rate and an increase of plasma catecholamines. Decaffeinated coffee induced a smaller increase of diastolic blood pressure without changing other parameters. This study shows that the cardiovascular effects of drinking coffee are mainly the result of its caffeine content.

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Cardiovascular effects of coffee and caffeine

Cited by 161 publications

References 14 publications

Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects

Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects

Effect of decaffeinated versus regular coffee on blood pressure. A 12-week, double-blind trial.

The cardiovascular effects of regular and decaffeinated coffee.

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