Cardiovascular Effects of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Herd, Paul A.; Lipsky, Milton H.; Martin, Horace F.

doi:10.1080/00039896.1974.10666473

Cited by 49 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Infusion of the blood of one dog with 6.1 to 6.4 mEq/L exogenous calcium (Ca 2+ ) during exposure to 2.0% Trichloroethane increased the myocardial contractility and blood pressure, compared to other dogs exposed to Trichloroethane only (Herd et al 1974). Belej et al (1974) exposed Rhesus monkeys to 2.5% or 5.0% Trichloroethane in an inhalation chamber for 5 min (3 monkeys/exposure level).…”

Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

2008

Int. J. of Toxicology

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Trichloroethane functions in cosmetics as a solvent. Although Trichloroethane has been reported to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in cosmetic products, an industry survey found that it is not in current use in the cosmetic industry. Trichloroethane is considered a Class I ozone-depleting substance by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its use is prohibited in the United States, unless considered essential. The FDA has stated that Trichloroethane's use in cosmetics is considered nonessential. Trichloroethane is detected by gas chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas-liquid chromatography. In rats, Trichloroethane, whether inhaled or injected, is mostly expelled intact from the body through exhalation. A very small percentage is excreted in the urine. In humans, Trichloroethane is rapidly absorbed through the skin and eliminated in exhaled air and a very small percentage is excreted in urine. Inhaled Trichloroethane is eliminated in exhaled air. Acute oral LD(50) values have been reported as follows: 12.3 g/kg in male rats; 10.3 g/kg in female rats; 11.24 g/kg in female mice; 5.66 g/kg in female rabbits; and 9.47 g/kg in male guinea pigs. Acute toxicity studies using other routes of exposure, including subcutaneous injection and inhalation, produced no evidence of significant toxicity, except at very high exposure levels. Continuous inhalation exposure of rabbits to 750 mg/m(3) for 90 days did not produce any signs of toxicity. Continuous exposure of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and monkeys to 500 ppm Trichloroethane for 6 months did not produce any signs of toxicity. Other short-term and subchronic inhalation exposures confirmed acute and short-term exposure findings that the toxic effects of inhalation were a function of both concentration and time. Rats receiving 750 or 1500 mg/kg day(- 1) Trichloroethane in corn oil by oral gavage 5 days per week for 78 weeks had reduced body weights and early mortality. Reduced body weights, decreased survival rates, and early mortality (in females) were found in mice dosed with 3000 or 6000 mg/kg day(- 1) (over the last 58 weeks; lower doses were administered for the first 20 weeks). Mice exposed to prolonged periods of Trichloroethane in an inhalation chamber had increased motor activity at levels up to 5000 ppm. Further increase of concentration of exposure resulted in less of an increase of motor activity until motor activity began to fall below normal at 10,000 ppm. Adverse effects on motor activity in rats were seen at exposures as low as 3000 ppm for 4 h. Rabbits had slight reddening and scaling after 10 24-h applications to abdominal skin of Trichloroethane mixed with 2.4% to 3.0% dioxane, and slight to moderate erythema, slight edema, and slight exfoliation was observed when 75% Trichloroethane and 25% tetrachloroethylene were applied to rabbit ears for 11 days. Undiluted Trichloroethane applied to the clipped backs of guinea pigs produced histopathologic damage in the epidermis. A primary irritation index of 5.22 (ou...

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Section: Cardiovascular Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

2008

Int. J. of Toxicology

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“…Effects of dizziness, incoordination, drowsiness, and unconsciousness have been reported from acute exposures. Cardiovascular effects mani fested by rapid fall in blood pressure have been reported for exposure concentrations of 8,000 ppm during exposure periods of 5 minutes [12]. Res piratory irritation has been reported in man nnd several other species.…”

Section: B Medical Criteriamentioning

confidence: 93%

Health hazard evaluation determination report no. HHE-76-24-350, Dana Corporation, Tipton, Illinois.

1976

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“…s-to Stewart 8 suggested that functional depression of the central nervous system might result in death from peripheral vascular collapse. Aviado and Belej 9 presented evidence that myocardial contractility in the dog was depressed by inhaling a high concentration of 1,1, 1-TCE, while Herd et al 10 suggested that two factors -peripheral vasodilatation and depression of myocar- dial function-might be related to the decrease in arterial blood pressure resulting from 1,1 , 1-TCE inhalation . It was still uncertain, however, what role the autonomic nervous system played in the decrease of arterial blood pressure following 1,1 , 1-TCE inhalation.…”

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confidence: 97%

Neural Control of Blood Pressure following 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Inhalation: A Role of Sympathetic Nervous System

Kobayashi

Hobara

Hirota

et al. 1983

Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal

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The effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCE) inhalation on arterial blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity were investigated in anesthetized dogs. In acute inhalation experiments, the threshold concentration of 1,1,1-TCE required to produce a decrease in blood pressure was 0.4 to 0.5% in inspired air; moreover, a dose-response relationship between the decrease in blood pressure and 1,1,1-TCE concentration which exceeded the threshold level was observed. In addition, renal nerve activity increased and was associated with a slight decrease in blood pressure following inhalation of relatively low concentrations of 1,1,1-TCE. Following inhalation of relatively high concentrations of 1,1,1-TCE, however, renal nerve activity decreased and was accompanied by a marked decrease in blood pressure. Opposite reactions of renal nerve activity were observed when blood pressure decreased to 70-80 mm Hg following inhalation. It is suggested that systemic hypotension resulting from 1,1,1-TCE inhalation may be controlled by two different reactions of sympathetic nerve activity.

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Cardiovascular Effects of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Trichloroethane

Health hazard evaluation determination report no. HHE-76-24-350, Dana Corporation, Tipton, Illinois.

Neural Control of Blood Pressure following 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Inhalation: A Role of Sympathetic Nervous System

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