Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Childhood Perspective

Praveen, Pradeep A.; Roy, Ambuj; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj

doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0767-z

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The literature is increasingly supportive of childhood origins for a number of chronic diseases. It has been found that atherosclerotic development is initiated in childhood, long before clinical presentation ( 2 , 3 ) , and studies have previously linked childhood obesity with CVD in adulthood ( 4 ) . However, some evidence is less supportive ( 5 ) and a recent systematic review concluded that childhood obesity could not be used as an independent predictor for CVD risk ( 6 ) .…”

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Childhood dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

Bull

Northstone

2016

Public Health Nutr.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns in childhood and CVD risk in adolescence.DesignProspective cohort study. Exposures were dietary patterns at age 7, 10 and 13 years derived by cluster analysis. Outcomes were physiological and biochemical cardiovascular risk markers.SettingAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK.SubjectsChildren (n 2311, 44.1 % male) with complete data available.ResultsAfter adjustment for known confounders, we observed an association between being in the ‘Processed’ and ‘Packed lunch’ dietary pattern clusters at age 7 and BMI at age 17. Compared with the ‘healthy’ cluster, the OR (95 % CI) for being in the top 10 % for BMI was 1·60 (1·01, 2·55; P=0·05) for the ‘Processed’ cluster and 1·96 (1·22, 3·13; P=0·005) for the ‘Packed lunch’ cluster. However, no association was observed between BMI and dietary patterns at age 10 and 13. Longitudinal analyses showed that being in either the ‘Processed’ or ‘Packed lunch’ cluster at age 7 was associated with increased risk of being in the top 10 % for BMI regardless of subsequent cluster membership. No associations between other cardiovascular risk measures and dietary patterns were robust to adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsWe did not find any consistent evidence to support an association between dietary patterns in childhood and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence, with the exception of BMI and dietary pattern at age 7 only. However, the importance of dietary intake in childhood upon health later in life requires further investigation and we would encourage the adoption of a healthy diet as early in life as possible.

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Childhood dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

Bull

Northstone

2016

Public Health Nutr.

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“…Among urban Indians, exposure to multiple risk factors of CVD was evidenced during adolescence and dramatically increased by 30–39 years of age [23]. Among Indian school children, high prevalence of overweight (14.4%), obesity (2.8%), sustained high blood pressure [24, 25], coupled with maternal and fetal under-nutrition were suspected to increase the future risk of CVDs [13]. …”

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Exercise and eating habits among urban adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kolkata, India

et al. 2017

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BackgroundUnhealthy eating and lack of exercise during adolescence culminated into earlier onset and increasing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Among urban Indian adolescents, prevalence of these risk factors of CVD seemed to be high, but data regarding their pattern and predictors was limited. To address this dearth of information, a survey was conducted among urban adolescent school-students in Kolkata, a highly populated metro city in eastern India.MethodsDuring January–June, 2014, 1755 students of 9th-grade were recruited through cluster (schools) random sampling. Informed consents from parents and assents from adolescents were collected. Information on socio-demographics, CVD-related knowledge and perception along with eating and exercise patterns were collected with an internally validated structured questionnaire. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed in SAS-9.3.2.ResultsAmong 1652 participants (response rate = 94.1%), about 44% had poor overall knowledge about CVD, 24% perceived themselves as overweight and 60% considered their general health as good. Only 18% perceived their future CVD-risk and 29% were engaged in regular moderate-to-vigorous exercise. While 55% skipped meals regularly, 90% frequently consumed street-foods and 54% demonstrated overall poor eating habits.Males were more likely to engage in moderate-to-vigorous exercise [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.40(95% confidence interval = 2.55–4.54)] while students of higher SES were less likely [AOR = 0.59(0.37–0.94)]. Males and those having good CVD-related knowledge were more likely to exercise at least 1 h/day [AOR = 7.77(4.61–13.07) and 2.90(1.46–5.78) respectively].Those who perceived their future CVD-risk, skipped meals more [2.04(1.28–3.25)] while Males skipped them less [AOR = 0.62(0.42–0.93)]. Subjects from middle class ate street-foods less frequently [AOR = 0.45(0.24–0.85)]. Relatively older students and those belonging to higher SES were less likely to demonstrate good eating habits [AOR = 0.70(0.56–0.89) and 0.23(0.11–0.47) respectively]. A large knowledge-practice gap was evident as students with good CVD-related knowledge were less likely to have good eating habits [AOR = 0.55(0.32–0.94)].ConclusionsCVD-related knowledge as well as eating and exercise habits were quite poor among adolescent school-students of Kolkata. Additionally, there was a large knowledge-practice gap. Multi-component educational interventions targeting behavioral betterment seemed necessary for these adolescents to improve their CVD-related knowledge, along with appropriate translation of knowledge into exercise and eating practices to minimize future risk of CVDs.

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“…[8] Sonuçta obezitenin önemli bir risk faktörü olduğu hipertansiyon, koroner kalp hastalıkları, diyabet gibi birçok kronik hastalık açısından yetişkinler kadar, çocuklar da önemli risk altındadır. [9,11] Günümüzde endüstriyel gelişime paralel olarak şehir yaşamının artmış olması, çalışan ebeveyn sayısındaki artış; yaşam tarzımızın değişmesine ve besinlerde kullanılan ve obeziteye zemin hazırlayan endüstriyel maddelerin ve tüketime hazır ürünlerin öğünlerimizde daha fazla yer almasına yol açmıştır. Bu konudaki reklamların etkisi, hazır yiyecek ürün-lerinin daha kolay ulaşılabilirliği ve daha ucuz olmasının da katkısı büyüktür.…”

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Obesity frequency in school children and related risk factors

Savaşhan¹

2015

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Obesity frequency in school children and related risk factors ÖzetAmaç: Çocukluk çağı obezitesi ileride erişkin obezitesi olarak devam etmesi, komplikasyonlara bağlı morbidite ve mortalitede ciddi artışlar yaşanması ve en önemlisi de çoğunlukla önle-nebilir olması nedeniyle dikkat edilmesi gereken bir sağlık problemidir. Çalışmamızda, 6-11 yaş arası çocuklarda obezite sıklığı ve gelişiminde rol oynayan faktörleri araştırdık.Yöntem: Ankara'nın Yenimahalle ilçesinde bulunan 71 ilköğretim okulundan küme örneklem ile rastgele seçilen 32'sinde 6-11 yaş arasındaki 3963 çocuk ve ebeveynleri çalışmaya alındı. Çocukların ve ebeveynlerinin yaş, boy, kilo ve cinsiyetleri, çocukların iştah durumu, hazır yiyecekleri (atıştırma) tüketme sıklıkları, ebeveynlerin eğitim ve gelir durumları ve çocukların televizyon ve bilgisayar başında geçirdikleri süre değerlendirildi. Katılımcıların beden kit-le indeksleri hesaplanarak sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çocukların %11,1'i (s=438) kilolu ve %7,5'i (s=299) obez olarak saptandı. Hem anne hem de babası obez olan çocuk-larda obezite görülme sıklığı %15,7 (s=18) idi. Anne ve babaların beden kitle indeksleri arttıkça çocuklardaki obezite sıklığının da arttığı saptandı (p<0,001). Obez çocukların %64,9'unun ebeveynleri, çocuklarının kilosundan memnundu. Hem anne hem de baba obez olanlarda ise çocuklarının kilosundan memnun olma sıklığı %72,2 olarak bulundu. Her üç çocuktan ikisinin yemek öğünlerinde sorunu vardı ve çocukların %48,2'sinin düzenli sabah kahvaltısı alışkanlığı yoktu. Tüm çocukların %69,6'sının öğün aralarında abur-cubur atıştırma alışkanlığı vardı. Televizyon veya bilgisayar karşısında daha fazla vakit geçiren çocuklarda obezite görülme sıklığı anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulundu (p<0,05).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın temel sonuçları çocukluk obezitesinde beslenme alışkanlıkları ve sedanter yaşamın önemli rol oynadığı şeklindedir.Anahtar sözcükler: Obesite, çocuk, beslenme alışkanlıkları. SummaryObjective: Childhood obesity is a health problem that should be taken into account for the fact that it progresses as adult obesity; serious increases occur in morbidity and mortality due to complications; and most importantly, it can be generally prevented. In our study, we researched obesity frequency in child-ren at 6-11 years of age, and the factors that play a role in its development. Methods: 3963 children at 6-11 years of age from 32 of 71 elementary schools located in Yenimahalle district of Ankara along with their parents were selected to participate in the study. Age, height, weight, and gender of children and their parents; appetites of the children; their frequency of consuming fast food; their parents' level of education and income; and the time spent by the children on TV and computer were evaluated. BMI (body mass index) values of the participants were calculated and compared with their socio-demographic characteristics.Results: It was found that 11.1% (n=438) of the children were overweight, and 7.5% (n=299) of them were obese. Frequency of obesity was 15...

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Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Childhood Perspective

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Childhood dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

Childhood dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescence: results from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort

Exercise and eating habits among urban adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Kolkata, India

Obesity frequency in school children and related risk factors

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