Cardiovascular disease prevention and management in the COVID-19 era and beyond: An international perspective

Faghy, Mark A; Yates, James; Hills, Andrew P.; Jayasinghe, Sisitha; Goulart, Cássia da Luz; Arena, Ross; Laddu, Deepika; Gururaj, Rachita; Veluswamy, Sundar Kumar; Dixit, Snehil; Ashton, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2023.01.004

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…However, a recent study by Owen et al (2023) concluded that physical activity previous to infection may not produce any advantage in recovery. General consensus in scientific literature seems to point out to the fact that the impact of COVID-19 in cardiorespiratory system can be reduced including exercise as a part of general healthy living, in a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach ( Arena et al, 2021 ; Ashton, Philips & Faghy, 2023 ; Faghy et al, 2023 ). Nevertheless, patient-tailored rehabilitation and case by case is essential in this yet not fully understood long term sequels of COVID-19 ( Ferraro et al, 2021 ), as there is conflicting evidence about exercise recommendations in chronic fatigue caused by COVID-19 ( Wright, Astill & Sivan, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a respiratory rehabilitation program including an inspiration training device versus traditional respiratory rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

Sánchez-Milá,

Abuín-Porras,

Romero-Morales

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background In the context of COVID-19, respiratory training is vital for the care and recuperation of individuals. Both exercise-based and instrumental respiratory training have been employed as interventions to enhance respiratory function, providing relief from symptoms in those impacted by the virus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two different respiratory rehabilitation programs. Methods A total of 200 participants affected with COVID-19 respiratory sequels were recruited, with a block randomization regarding sex to ensure equal and appropriate applicability of the results. An experimental controlled and randomized study was conducted, with participants engaging in a 31 days respiratory rehabilitation program, (a) experimental group, inspiratory training device combined with aerobic exercise and (b) traditional respiratory exercises combined with aerobic exercise. Results Both groups improved in cardiorespiratory parameters, with a decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure, dyspnea and lower limbs fatigue, and increased oxygen saturation, 6 min walking distance, diaphragmatic thickness, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume during the first second, peak expiratory flow rate, forced inspiratory vital capacity and maximal inspiratory pressure. Comparison between groups showed statistically significant differences in all variables except for oxygen saturation, 6 min walking distance and diaphragmatic thickness. The results of this study support the use of specific inspiration training devices for respiratory rehabilitation in COVID-19 sequels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a respiratory rehabilitation program including an inspiration training device versus traditional respiratory rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

Sánchez-Milá,

Abuín-Porras,

Romero-Morales

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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“…This opens a plethora of applications, and pericardium segmentation from non-contrast CT scans of the coronary artery (CT-CA) is one such application. This is because it enables quick, reliable, and accurate pericardium segmentation, which are of paramount importance in a clinical routine for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk assessment of cardiovascular diseases that remains the highest cause of mortality worldwide according to WHO and other sources [5]. Further, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk assessment of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CVD) -the highest cause of mortality worldwide, relies on precise quantification of biomarkers like cardiac fat(s).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated pericardium-segmentation using an attention-based convolutional neural network

Suntwal,

Kumar,

Kumar

et al. 2024

Medical Imaging 2024: Clinical and Biomedical Imaging

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Accurate segmentation of the pericardium from Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring (CACS) scans is of prime importance in many emerging clinical-science and technology applications. To this end we propose an attention-based convolutional neural network for accurate detection and segmentation of the pericardium from non-contrast CT scans of the coronary artery (CT-CA). This would serve to be of paramount importance in a clinical routine for diagnosis, prognosis, and risk assessment of Cardio-Vascular Disease (CVD) -the highest cause of mortality worldwide, as it enables quick, reliable, and accurate classification of cardiac fat(s) and their quantification. This is in clear contrast to manual and analytical approaches which are not just time-consuming and laborious but are highly prone to errors. Our novel framework is a customized CNN based on a 3-D encoder-decoder architecture with attention blocks coupled with a context encoding block, and the deep learning model has leveraged a few hundred CACS stacks for training, validation, and out-of-sample testing. Through extensive experimentation, optimization and hyperparameter tuning, followed by a comprehensive validation of results, we have achieved a state-of-the-art clinically acceptable dice score of 0.94, along with a miss-rate (false negative rate) of 6% and a fall-out (false positive rate) of 0.5%. Our results indicate that this approach holds promise for a reliable & precise biomarker based cardiac risk-stratification.

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“…Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a formidable challenge to global public health due to their extensive prevalence, serious health implications, and significant mortality rates ( 1 ). The burden of CVD is escalating, projected to become the leading financial strain in healthcare by 2035 ( 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications

Xin,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, despite advances in understanding cardiovascular health. Significant barriers still exist in effectively preventing and managing these diseases. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are crucial for maintaining vascular integrity and can switch between contractile and synthetic functions in response to stimuli such as hypoxia and inflammation. These transformations play a pivotal role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, facilitating vascular modifications and disease advancement. This article synthesizes the current understanding of the mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating VSMC phenotypic transitions, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease interventions.

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Cardiovascular disease prevention and management in the COVID-19 era and beyond: An international perspective

Cited by 18 publications

References 121 publications

Effectiveness of a respiratory rehabilitation program including an inspiration training device versus traditional respiratory rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

Effectiveness of a respiratory rehabilitation program including an inspiration training device versus traditional respiratory rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial

Automated pericardium-segmentation using an attention-based convolutional neural network

Elucidating VSMC phenotypic transition mechanisms to bridge insights into cardiovascular disease implications

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