Cardiovascular Disease in Blacks with HIV/AIDS in the United States: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Objectives: Blacks in the United States bear a disproportionate burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It has been demonstrated that HIV/AIDS itself and HIV/AIDS-related therapies may predispose patients to early onset of CVD. It is also possible that Black patients may be at greater risk for this interaction. Thus, the objective of this literature review was to identify and critically evaluate disparities in CVD between Black and White patients with HIV/AIDS.Design: A MEDLINE search (January 1, 1950 to May 31, 2010) was performed to identify original research articles published in the English language. The search was limited to articles that evaluated race-based disparities for CVD among patients with HIV/AIDS.Results: Of the five publications included in this review, a CVD diagnosis was the primary focus for only three of the studies and was a secondary objective for the remaining two studies. Two studies concluded that Blacks were more likely than Whites to have a CVD diagnosis at time of hospital admission, whereas, the other three studies did not detect any race-based disparities.Conclusions: Few studies have addressed the issue of Black race, HIV/AIDS, and CVD, highlighting the need for future research in this area.

Cardiovascular disease and prevention among people living with HIV in South Florida

“…However, the results of our study underscore the importance of addressing CVD risk factors in this demographic group. [2,45,46] Although gender was not a significant predictor of CVD in our cohort, other studies have shown that HIV-positive females have a significantly higher risk of CVD compared with seronegative females. [47][48][49] Some studies have demonstrated associations between ARTs and increased CVD risk.…”

Cardiovascular Health in African Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

“…In a systemic review of African Americans with HIV/AIDS in the United States, 2 of 5 studies indicated that African Americans with HIV were at increased CVD risk. 154 One of the few large assessments of CVD in African Americans with HIV is derived from a retrospective analysis of US National Hospital Discharge Surveys (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) showing that of 1.5 million discharges, the likelihood of hospitalization for CVD conditions was almost 50% higher (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51) in African Americans than in whites. 155 However, an unexpected observation that warrants further investigation is that, when the subclinical coronary artery disease burden was compared between African American men with and without HIV in MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study), HIV positivity was associated with lower volume of total plaque.…”

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: The Relationship of HIV Infection with Physical and Social Comorbidities

“…Reports from cohort studies and clinical trials indicate that neurocognitive performance of HIV patients with CVD risk factors is impaired [ 3 , 10 , 103 , 131 , 133 – 135 ]. HIV is disproportionately represented among African Americans and Latinos, who also bear a greater burden of CVD, as compared to other ethnic groups [ 136 – 138 ]. Compounded with the unfortunate realities of later presentation for care and lower rates of virologic control, the risk for vascular-associated neurocognitive disorders in these populations is greater [ 139 – 141 ].…”