Cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and dementia

Jefferson, Angela L.; Benjamin, Emelia J.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511575976.014

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The mechanism accounting for associations between cardiac index and markers of brain aging is unknown; however, reduced systemic blood flow may contribute to subclinical brain injury because of its impact on cerebral blood flow homeostasis 43,44. Despite auto-regulatory mechanisms to preserve blood flow to the brain, research in macaque monkeys has demonstrated that lowering systemic blood flow via reduced cardiac output directly reduces cerebral perfusion 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Index Is Associated With Brain Aging

et al. 2010

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Background-Cardiac dysfunction is associated with neuroanatomic and neuropsychological changes in aging adults with prevalent cardiovascular disease, theoretically because systemic hypoperfusion disrupts cerebral perfusion, contributing to subclinical brain injury. We hypothesized that cardiac function, as measured by cardiac index, would be associated with preclinical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological markers of ischemia and Alzheimer disease in the community. Methods and Results-Brain

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Index Is Associated With Brain Aging

et al. 2010

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“…This is also confirmed by the correlation between cognitive dysfunction and LVEF. 15,16 In CHF, a reduction in cerebral perfusion can be combined with white matter affection (leukoencephalopathy) or atrophy of the medial temporal areas, which are very sensitive to hypoxia and hypoperfusion. 17 A continuous increase in cardiovascular mortality all over the world calls for the development of new, affordable, and effective therapies for CHF complicated by CI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from separate investigations have proven that FSCs can differentiate into cardiomyocytes, which are deficient in CHF. 15,18 This results in a large increase in myocardial muscle, as well as improvements in its contractile activity and in CF. [19][20][21]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal stem cells in combined treatment of chronic heart failure and their effect on morphofunctional parameters of the left ventricle myocardium and cognitive functions

Klunnyk¹,

Sych²,

Matiyashchuk³

et al. 2014

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To investigate the effect of combined treatment with the inclusion of fetal stem cells (FSCs) on the morphology and functional dynamics of the left ventricle and cognitive functions in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Materials and methods: A comparative study was carried out on patients with CHF to examine the effect of combined treatment, including the experimental application of FSCs, on the morphofunctional parameters of the left ventricle and cognitive functions. Patients were examined before FSC treatment (FSCT), and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. The control group consisted of 20 CHF patients of similar age, sex, and New York Heart Association class. Results: It has been proven that FSCs positively affect objective and subjective clinical parameters. A significant reduction of serum type B brain natriuretic peptide was reported as early as 1 month after treatment. Significant increases in the left ventricle ejection fraction and decreases of the end diastolic volume were observed 6 months after treatment. Cognitive performance tests showed improvements on the Mini-Mental State Examination and Frontal Assessment Battery (conceptualization, mental flexibility, programming, sensitivity to interference, inhibitory control, and environmental autonomy) scales. The treatment resulted in significant improvements in the general score and across all cognitive areas of the Mini-Mental State Examination (recall, orientation, attention, calculation, and complex commands) after 3 months, and significant improvements across all Frontal Assessment Battery areas after 6 months. In the control group, these scores showed significant increases only at 6 months after the treatment. In the study group, depression was significantly reduced within 1 month after treatment versus 3 months in the control group. In both groups, reactive anxiety levels dropped after month 3 upon FSCT. FSCT resulted in statistically significant improvements in the contractile activity of the left ventricular myocardium, in cognitive functions, and in the emotional state of CHF patients. Conclusion: The evidence for significant improvements in the contractile function of the left ventricle myocardium, as well as in patients' cognitive and emotional states, was observed in CHF patients after combined treatment with FSC.

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Hemodynamics in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Cambronero¹,

Jefferson²

2020

Vascular Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Hemodynamic impairment is a prominent feature in aging, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease, including patterned changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) that can be detected prior to concomitant pathologies. These CBF abnormalities drive vascular dysfunction through a variety of biological pathways and ultimately contribute to cerebrovascular disease associated with cognitive impairment. Importantly, the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer’s disease is exceedingly common and worsens the progression of clinical symptoms, likely through accelerating neurotoxic protein deposition and the loss of cerebrovascular integrity. Emerging evidence further suggests that the brain may be more susceptible to subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in aging adults, particularly since the accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors over the lifespan creates a more vulnerable vascular system. Although age-associated CBF dysregulation has varied and complex origins, it undoubtedly serves a critical role in the early progression of neurodegenerative disease and may help explain the considerable overlap between the most common clinical dementias.

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Cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and dementia

Cited by 5 publications

References 77 publications

Cardiac Index Is Associated With Brain Aging

Cardiac Index Is Associated With Brain Aging

Fetal stem cells in combined treatment of chronic heart failure and their effect on morphofunctional parameters of the left ventricle myocardium and cognitive functions

Hemodynamics in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

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