Cardiovascular Disease and Sleep

Abstract

Sleep is an important resting period, especially for the cardiovascular system, which has to work persistently.Therefore, qualitative and quantitative sleep disturbances can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD). An inappropriate sleep duration, which leads to quantitative sleep impairments, and insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), which result in quantitative/qualitative sleep impairments, are widely recognized to affect the incidence of CVD. Patients with CVD generally sleep less than the general population and frequently have sleep disorders, such as insomnia or SDB, which have adverse prognostic effects. Thus, sleep plays an important role in the development and progression of CVD. In this manuscript, we discuss the physiological changes in hemodynamics seen during sleep and the relationship between sleep and CVD from the point of view of primary and secondary prevention.

Does Improvement in Health-Related Lifestyle Habits Increase Purpose in Life among a Health Literate Cohort?

“…Abbate et al showed in their systematic review that dietary intervention combined with exercise had the most beneficial effect on cardiovascular events as compared with diet or exercise intervention alone. Sleep and rest are also considered important target to combat NCDs [18,19]. Hill et al reported multiple components of the healthy lifestyle as mediators of the association between the purpose in life and health [34].…”

“…The rise in obesity has brought attention to lifestyle as a prominent cause of disease in modern times [16,17]. Recently, it has also been noted that there is growing evidence that quality and quantity of sleep are associated with NCDs such as cardiovascular diseases [18,19]. In addition, studies have shown that health-related lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing the incidence of many diseases including NCDs such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, and stroke [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Effects of suvorexant on sleep apnea in patients with heart failure: A protocol of crossover pilot trial

“…Sleep is an important resting period for the cardiovascular system, and impairments in sleep quality and quantity can thus lead to cardiovascular disease [1]. The quantitative impairments of sleep, such as short sleep duration, are reportedly associated with increased mortality [2].…”

“…The qualitative impairments of sleep are generally derived from insomnia including difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep, both of which result in the impairment of daytime function [8], and from other sleep-related disorders, such as sleepdisordered breathing (SDB). Insomnia and SDB can deteriorate cardiovascular function [1,9] and are associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease including comorbidities, such as HF, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or atrial fibrillation (AF) [10][11][12][13], and consequently with enhanced mortality [14,15]. Patients with HF reportedly have approximately 4-12 min longer sleep onset latency and 70 min shorter total sleep time than healthy controls [16].…”