Cardiovascular disease and risk in COPD: a state of the art review

Polman, Ricardo; Hurst, John R; Uysal, Omer Faruk; Mandal, Swapna; Linz, Dominik; Simons, Sami

doi:10.1080/14779072.2024.2333786

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Desai et al, based on a population of 409,130 hospitalizations with MASLD, found different sex distribution of CV risk factors (with women, compared to men, displaying higher levels of obesity and uncomplicated diabetes) and major CV and cerebrovascular events (which were more common among men) [50] . Interestingly, in this connection, Kammerlander et al, in their study involving 3,482 participants in the Framingham Heart Study, found that cardiometabolic and CVD risk associated with visceral obesity could be adequately captured by simple anthropometric measures (such as waist circumference and body mass index) in men, while in women, measurement of abdominal visceral adipose tissue with computed tomography permitted more accurate assessment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic and CVD risk [51] . Collectively, these studies strongly suggest the need for sex-specific analyses of the interactions between cardio-metabolic risk, MACE, and MASLD.…”

Section: Variable Cardiovascular Risk In Masldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective article: determinants and assessment of cardiovascular risk in steatotic liver disease owing to metabolic dysfunction-addressing the challenge

Jamalinia,

Lonardo

2024

Metab Target Organ Damage

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) stands as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of mortality among MASLD patients. The diverse spectrum of cardio-nephro-metabolic and vascular manifestations inherent in MASLD highlights the complex profile of CVD risk associated with this condition. However, current approaches to assessing CVD risk in MASLD lack specificity, predominantly relying on traditional markers. Although it is widely accepted that patients with advanced fibrosis are more prone to CVD risk, recent evidence suggests that this isolated focus may overlook the remarkable phenotypic variability of this CVD risk across the entire MASLD population. Emerging data indicate a progressive escalation of CVD risk in parallel with the severity of MASLD, highlighting the need for precise disease staging to inform accurate risk assessment. To address this challenge, we propose a novel sequential approach to CVD risk assessment in MASLD. While traditional CVD risk factors remain essential, incorporating liver-specific parameters enhances risk stratification and guides targeted interventions to mitigate the substantial burden of cardiovascular disease in this vulnerable population. This approach involves initial screening using FIB-4 and NAFLD fibrosis score, followed by assessment of liver fibrosis with imaging-based non-invasive techniques in individuals at intermediate-high risk for advanced fibrosis and liver fat quantification in low-risk individuals. Future prospective investigations should focus on the simultaneous use of liver biomarkers and imaging modalities to evaluate, in a sex-specific manner, the efficacy of the proposed approach and to determine optimal thresholds of liver fibrosis and steatosis for optimal CVD risk assessment.

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Section: Variable Cardiovascular Risk In Masldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective article: determinants and assessment of cardiovascular risk in steatotic liver disease owing to metabolic dysfunction-addressing the challenge

Jamalinia,

Lonardo

2024

Metab Target Organ Damage

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“…The classification of COPD severity includes four stages based on spirometry and the severity of airflow limitation from stage I to stage IV (Fazleen and Wilkinson, 2020 ). The mechanism of occurrence and development is still largely unknown, genetic factors, inflammation, immune response, and other factors are reflected in the pathogenesis, it has many comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, colitis, and osteoporosis (Ekbom et al, 2008 ; Li Y. et al, 2022 ; Polman et al, 2024 ). It is the third leading cause of death worldwide, with major risk factors being inhalation of cigarette smoke, air pollution, or other toxic substances (O'Donnell et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Gut Microbiota In Respiratory Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment

Sun,

Lu,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Preclinical evidence has firmly established a bidirectional interaction among the lung, gut, and gut microbiome. There are many complex communication pathways between the lung and intestine, which affect each other's balance. Some metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms, intestinal immune cells, and immune factors enter lung tissue through blood circulation and participate in lung immune function. Altered gut–lung–microbiome interactions have been identified in rodent models and humans of several lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asthma, etc. Emerging evidence suggests that microbial therapies can prevent and treat respiratory diseases, but it is unclear whether this association is a simple correlation with the pathological mechanisms of the disease or the result of causation. In this review, we summarize the complex and critical link between the gut microbiota and the lung, as well as the influence and mechanism of the gut microbiota on respiratory diseases, and discuss the role of interventions such as prebiotics and fecal bacteria transplantation on respiratory diseases. To provide a reference for the rational design of large-scale clinical studies, the direct application of microbial therapy to respiratory-related diseases can reduce the incidence and severity of diseases and accompanying complications.

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COPD is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk independent of phenotype

Cobb,

Kenyon,

et al. 2024

Respirology

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Background and ObjectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death worldwide that frequently presents with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Despite the pathological distinction between individual COPD phenotypes such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis, there is a lack of knowledge about the impact of COPD phenotype on cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, this study aimed to utilize a nationally representative sample to investigate cardiovascular disease prevalence in patients with COPD with emphysema and chronic bronchitis phenotypes.MethodsData from 31,560 adults including 2504 individuals with COPD, collected as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018), were examined.ResultsA significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke, was identified in patients with COPD among all disease phenotypes. Particularly, compared to those without COPD, individuals with chronic bronchitis presented with 1.76 (95% CI: 1.41–2.20) times greater odds, individuals with emphysema with 2.31 (95% CI: 1.80–2.96) times greater odds, while those with a concurrent phenotype (combined chronic bronchitis and emphysema) exhibited 2.98 (95% CI: 2.11–4.21) times greater odds of reporting cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionOur data confirms that patients with COPD present an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease among all phenotypes, with the most marked increase being in those with concurrent chronic bronchitis and emphysema phenotypes. These findings emphasize the need for awareness and appropriate cardiovascular screening in COPD.image

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Cardiovascular disease and risk in COPD: a state of the art review

Cited by 3 publications

References 145 publications

Perspective article: determinants and assessment of cardiovascular risk in steatotic liver disease owing to metabolic dysfunction-addressing the challenge

Perspective article: determinants and assessment of cardiovascular risk in steatotic liver disease owing to metabolic dysfunction-addressing the challenge

Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment

COPD is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk independent of phenotype

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