Cardiovascular changes during induced emotion

Prkachin, Kenneth M.; Williams-Avery, Rhonda M.; Zwaal, Caroline; Mills, David E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(99)00036-7

Cited by 92 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Though some emotion induction research has suggested that anger and fear predict similar SNS profiles, other studies which ask participants to evoke specific emotions have found weaker associations between fear and cardiovascular measures (Prkachin et al, 1999; Roberts and Weerts, 1982; Schwartz et al 1981). Our results mirror this finding and extend it to emotion expression as measured through FACS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anger responses to psychosocial stress predict heart rate and cortisol stress responses in men but not women

Lupis¹,

Lerman²,

Wolf³

2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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While previous research has suggested that anger and fear responses to stress are linked to distinct sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stress responses, little is known about how these emotions predict hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. Further, earlier research primarily relied on retrospective self-report of emotion. The current study aimed at addressing both issues in male and female individuals by assessing the role of anger and fear in predicting heart rate and cortisol stress responses using both self-report and facial coding analysis to assess emotion responses. We exposed 32 healthy students (18 female; 19.6+/−1.7 yrs.) to an acute psychosocial stress paradigm (TSST) and measured heart rate and salivary cortisol levels throughout the protocol. Anger and fear before and after stress exposure was assessed by self-report, and video recordings of the TSST were assessed by a certified facial coder to determine emotion expression (FACS). Self-reported emotions and emotion expressions did not correlate (all p > .23). Increases in self-reported fear predicted blunted cortisol responses in men (β = 0.41, p = .04). Also for men, longer durations of anger expression predicted exaggerated cortisol responses (β = 0.67 p = .004), and more anger incidences predicted exaggerated cortisol and heart rate responses (β = 0.51, p = .033; β = 0.46, p = .066, resp.). Anger and fear did not predict SNS or HPA activity for females (all p > .23). The current differential self-report and facial coding findings support the use of multiple modes of emotion assessment. Particularly, FACS but not self-report revealed a robust anger-stress association that could have important downstream health effects for men. For women, future research may clarify the role of other emotions, such as self-conscious expressions of shame, for physiological stress responses. A better understanding of the emotion-stress link may contribute to behavioral interventions targeting health-promoting ways of responding emotionally to stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Anger responses to psychosocial stress predict heart rate and cortisol stress responses in men but not women

Lupis¹,

Lerman²,

Wolf³

2014

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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“…Many studies have reported no change in HR as a result of sadness induction (e.g., Allen et al, 1996; Shirai and Suzuki, in press), while other studies have shown that SBP and DBP increase during sadness (Prkachin et al, 1999). In addition, our own previous research has shown that DBP increases only in the loss condition (Shirai and Suzuki, in press) and the results of the present study are inconsistent with this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Sadness Only One Emotion? Psychological and Physiological Responses to Sadness Induced by Two Different Situations: “Loss of Someone” and “Failure to Achieve a Goal”

Shirai

Suzuki

2017

Front. Psychol.

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We investigated whether sadness elicited by two different situations—loss of someone (loss) and failure to achieve a goal (failure)—had different physiological responses. Seventy-four participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (loss, failure, and neutral). Physiological responses were recorded during an imagery task that was designed to evoke sadness. The results of characteristics in the subjective ratings indicated that loss-evoked sadness was only associated with expressive words relating to tears. For the results of physiological measures, skin conductance levels (SCLs) increased during the imagery task across all conditions and differed between conditions during the post-task. For the loss condition, restoration to baseline level took longer, while in the failure the SCL decreased sharply back to baseline. Furthermore, tear ratings correlated with blood pressures in the loss condition, while sadness intensity correlated with blood pressures in the failure condition. These results suggest that sadness includes at least two subtypes that produce different responses in subjective ratings and physiological measures.

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“…Stimuli of the three most pronounced disgust categories were presented through each of the sensory channels and subjective perception and reactivity of the autonomic nervous system was analyzed. Previous studies examining autonomic reactivity for disgusting stimuli found differences in facial electromyographic activity (i.e., Bensafi et al, 2002), skin potential (i.e., Alaoui-Ismaili et al, 1997a; Collet et al, 1997), systolic blood pressure (i.e., Prkachin et al, 1999; Kunzmann and Gruhn, 2005), and heart rate (i.e., Alaoui-Ismaili et al, 1997a; Rohrmann et al, 2009), for overview see Kreibig (2010). We concentrated on measurements of skin conductance, systolic blood pressure, and heart rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The sensory channel of presentation alters subjective ratings and autonomic responses toward disgusting stimuli—Blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance in response to visual, auditory, haptic and olfactory presented disgusting stimuli

Laqua¹,

Süß²,

Joraschky³

et al. 2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Disgust causes specific reaction patterns, observable in mimic responses and body reactions. Most research on disgust deals with visual stimuli. However, pictures may cause another disgust experience than sounds, odors, or tactile stimuli. Therefore, disgust experience evoked by four different sensory channels was compared. A total of 119 participants received 3 different disgusting and one control stimulus, each presented through the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory channel. Ratings of evoked disgust as well as responses of the autonomic nervous system (heart rate, skin conductance level, systolic blood pressure) were recorded and the effect of stimulus labeling and of repeated presentation was analyzed. Ratings suggested that disgust could be evoked through all senses; they were highest for visual stimuli. However, autonomic reaction toward disgusting stimuli differed according to the channel of presentation. In contrast to the other, olfactory disgust stimuli provoked a strong decrease of systolic blood pressure. Additionally, labeling enhanced disgust ratings and autonomic reaction for olfactory and tactile, but not for visual and auditory stimuli. Repeated presentation indicated that participant's disgust rating diminishes to all but olfactory disgust stimuli. Taken together we argue that the sensory channel through which a disgust reaction is evoked matters.

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Cardiovascular changes during induced emotion

Cited by 92 publications

References 20 publications

Anger responses to psychosocial stress predict heart rate and cortisol stress responses in men but not women

Anger responses to psychosocial stress predict heart rate and cortisol stress responses in men but not women

Is Sadness Only One Emotion? Psychological and Physiological Responses to Sadness Induced by Two Different Situations: “Loss of Someone” and “Failure to Achieve a Goal”

The sensory channel of presentation alters subjective ratings and autonomic responses toward disgusting stimuli—Blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance in response to visual, auditory, haptic and olfactory presented disgusting stimuli

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