Cardiovascular burden and percutaneous interventions in Russian Federation: systematic epidemiological update

Retracted: Knockdown of long non‐coding RNA MEG3 protects H9c2 cells from hypoxia‐induced injury by targeting microRNA‐183

“…Primarily, myocardial ischemia can occur due to increased myocardial metabolic demand, and/or decreased delivery of oxygen (hypoxia) and nutrients to the myocardium via the coronary circulation . AMI is the major cause of death in the United States and in most developed nations throughout the world . The treatment goals for AMI include restoration of normal coronary blood flow and maximum recovery of functional myocardium .…”

Governmental efforts for cardiovascular disease prevention efforts in the Russian Federation

“…Figure 5 depicts the marked increase of the coronary revascularization rates in Russia from 2004 to 2014 (17). Current PCI rates have reached 531 PCI per 1,000,000 with placement of 1.37 stents per PCI (18). Nevertheless, we still need improvement of emergency patient logistics in very many rural areas.…”

Cardiovascular mortality in Russia: a comment

“…It is written in the article by Dr. Kharlamov: "The cardiovascular (CV) mortality in Russia alone remains much higher than, if to exemplify, the total mortality in the U.S." (1). The causes of the high registered CV mortality in the former Soviet Union (SU) and of its increase after 1990 is evident for anatomic pathologists.…”

“…The CV mortality rates for different federal subjects (provinces) of Russia are presented in tables in the article by Dr. Kharlamov (1). Judgments on the post mortem diagnostic quality on the basis of these figures should be cautious as there may be many confounding factors.…”

“…Another citation to be commented: "The changes in Russian mortality in the last few decades are unprecedented in a modern industrialized country in a peacetime" (1). Indeed, between 1984 and 1994, mortality rates in Russia underwent a rapid decline followed by a steep increase.…”