Cardiovascular Benefits of Exercise Training in Postmenopausal Hypertension

Abstract

Exercise training is often considered the cornerstone of nonpharmacological therapy for postmenopausal hypertension while aerobic exercise is the mainstay of life style modification for antihypertension. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is well tolerated on most days of the week by most people with postmenopausal hypertension and is not suspected to detract from exercise adherence. That being said, moderate aerobic exercise may be superior for eliciting cardiovascular benefits in hypertensive postmenopausal women and resistance exercise may offer desirable benefits. The beneficial outcomes of exercise training for hypertensive postmenopausal women include improvements in blood pressure, autonomic tone, baroreflex sensitivity, oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), bioavailability, and lipid profiles, as well as cardiovascular function and cardiorespiratory fitness. This partly explains the fact that exercise training programs have a positive effect for cardiovascular disease in hypertensive postmenopausal women. This review is to collect and present the literature of exercise training in postmenopausal hypertension. Our review may provide the current understanding of beneficial effects and mechanisms of exercise intervention for prevention and treatment of stage 1 to 2 hypertensive postmenopausal women.

Combined effects of 17β-estradiol and exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in ovariectomized rats

“…In addition, by using a similar speed to previous study, a speed was 24 m/min, which corresponds to about 50–60% VO 2max [37]. Several studies have suggested that the regular practice of moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown many favorable cardiovascular benefits in menopausal rat or human model [20, 23]. This implies that all subjects could be engaged in moderate-intensity exercise training.…”

“…Several research suggested that alternative therapeutic approaches need be discovered for menopausal women. Exercise training has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system for menopausal women [20, 22, 32]. Our recent study also showed that exercise training prevents cardiac fibrosis and cardiac apoptosis in ovariectomized rats [23].…”

“…Physical exercise is a well-known approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in cardiac rehabilitation [18, 19], and aerobic exercise training has benefits for cardiovascular adaptation in postmenopausal women [20–22]. Our previous study reported that exercise training can significantly prevent cardiac apoptosis in ovariectomized rats [23].…”

Sex Difference in Access to Sports: A 1-Year Retrospective Study

“…Prolonged sitting time determines many detrimental adaptations, such as increased energy intake and reduction of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity that might explain its effect on cardiovascular risk factors. 10-12…”

The Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio and Lipids Among Perimenopausal Women

“…Several studies have shown that in postmenopausal women "excess waist circumference or abdominal obesity", "overweight and obese" hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and high abdominal obesity rates are closely related to the prevention and treatment of CVD and health promotion. (Cengiz, Kaya, Suzen Caypinar & Alay, 2019;Colpani, et al, 2018;Korsager Larsen M, Matchkov, 2016;Lin, & Lee, 2018;Ministry of Health and Welfare, 2019 a, b, c ;Pal, Radavelli-Bagatini & Ho, 2013;Wang, Qin & Cui, 2016).…”