Cardiovascular and Thermal Response to Dry-Sauna Exposure in Healthy Subjects

Zalewski, Paweł; Zawadka‐Kunikowska, Monika; Słomko, Joanna; Szrajda, Justyna; Klawe, Jacek J.; Tafil-Klawe, M.; Newton, Julia L.

doi:10.1155/2014/106049

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In patients, simple approaches to transiently increase body temperature and metabolic rate could be vigorous exercise, which is difficult for patients, or dry sauna treatments (Hussain and Cohen, 2018). Dry saunas begin to raise core body temperature within 15 min (Zalewski et al, 2014). More aggressive approaches could involve pyrogen treatments, like LPS (lipopolysaccharide).…”

Section: How Could Changes To Body Temperature Help Constrain Cancer Cell Diversity and Adaptability To Facilitate Tumor Cell Extinction?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Starvation and Climate Change—How to Constrain Cancer Cell Epigenetic Diversity and Adaptability to Enhance Treatment Efficacy

Gregg

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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Advanced metastatic cancer is currently not curable and the major barrier to eliminating the disease in patients is the resistance of subpopulations of tumor cells to drug treatments. These resistant subpopulations can arise stochastically among the billions of tumor cells in a patient or emerge over time during therapy due to adaptive mechanisms and the selective pressures of drug therapies. Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in tumor cell diversity and adaptability, and are regulated by metabolic pathways. Here, I discuss knowledge from ecology, evolution, infectious disease, species extinction, metabolism and epigenetics to synthesize a roadmap to a clinically feasible approach to help homogenize tumor cells and, in combination with drug treatments, drive their extinction. Specifically, cycles of starvation and hyperthermia could help synchronize tumor cells and constrain epigenetic diversity and adaptability by limiting substrates and impairing the activity of chromatin modifying enzymes. Hyperthermia could also help prevent cancer cells from entering dangerous hibernation-like states. I propose steps to a treatment paradigm to help drive cancer extinction that builds on the successes of fasting, hyperthermia and immunotherapy and is achievable in patients. Finally, I highlight the many unknowns, opportunities for discovery and that stochastic gene and allele level epigenetic mechanisms pose a major barrier to cancer extinction that warrants deeper investigation.

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Section: How Could Changes To Body Temperature Help Constrain Cancer Cell Diversity and Adaptability To Facilitate Tumor Cell Extinction?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Starvation and Climate Change—How to Constrain Cancer Cell Epigenetic Diversity and Adaptability to Enhance Treatment Efficacy

Gregg

2021

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…In [6], the exposure to single sauna session led to a minor warming intervention with negligible effects on physiological strain where HR was reported to be increased from 65 to 106 bpm, while in [7] no data were collected during the sauna. In this study, a higher increment of mean HR (up to 133 bpm) in combination with the elevated mean core body temperature (up to 38.7 o C) suggests that repetitive exposures to sauna sessions induces internal thermal strain level meeting the criteria of severe whole-body hyperthermia level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bruce et al [6] reported that during a single sauna session HR and sympatho-vagal ratio increased significantly compared to pre-exposure. Zalewski et al [7] reported an increment in HR and sympatho-vagal ratio immediately after the exposure that lasted up to 3 hours later.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Autonomic Nervous System Response to Heat Stress Exposure by Means of Heart Rate Variability

Kontaxis¹,

Bailón²,

Rapalis³

et al. 2019

2019 Computing in Cardiology Conference (CinC)

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In this study, a heart rate variability (HRV) analysis guided by respiration is conducted to assess changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation during pronounced heat stress induced by repetitive exposures to dry sauna in 13 young healthy subjects. The spectral power at the low frequency (LF) band [0.04, 0.15] Hz and at the high frequency band centered around the mean respiratory rate, estimated from ECG-derived respiration signals, are studied. The mean heart rate (HR), the total power of HRV, and the normalized LF power are also analyzed.Results show that mean HR and normalized LF power increase significantly after basal stage, not only during the sauna sessions, but also at the intermediate short rest stages and recovery phase after 30 min. A significant reduction in the total power of HRV during all sauna sessions is observed, while an increased power in LF band is shown only during recovery which might be related to improved cardiac function (increased cardiac output and reduced peripheral vascular resistance) after heat exposure. Respiratory rate does not change significantly during the protocol but a negative trend at stress stages may indicate a reverse reaction against an over-activation of the sympathetic branch. In conclusion, exposure to heat stress shifts sympathovagal balance of ANS toward sympathetic dominance that increases HR and diminishes HRV.

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“…There is considerable evidence to suggest that sauna bathing can induce profound physiological effects [ 4 , 11 – 17 ]. Intense short-term heat exposure elevates skin temperature and core body temperature and activates thermoregulatory pathways via the hypothalamus [ 18 ] and CNS (central nervous system) leading to activation of the autonomic nervous system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review

Hussain

Cohen

2018

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Introduction Many health benefits are claimed by individuals and facilities promoting sauna bathing; however the medical evidence to support these claims is not well established. This paper aims to systematically review recent research on the effects of repeated dry sauna interventions on human health. Methods A systematic search was made of medical databases for studies reporting on the health effects of regular dry sauna bathing on humans from 2000 onwards. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Results Forty clinical studies involving a total of 3855 participants met the inclusion criteria. Only 13 studies were randomized controlled trials and most studies were small (n < 40). Reported outcome measures were heterogeneous with most studies reporting beneficial health effects. Only one small study (n = 10) reported an adverse health outcome of disrupted male spermatogenesis, demonstrated to be reversible when ceasing sauna activity. Conclusions Regular dry sauna bathing has potential health benefits. More data of higher quality is needed on the frequency and extent of adverse side effects. Further study is also needed to determine the optimal frequency and duration of distinct types of sauna bathing for targeted health effects and the specific clinical populations who are most likely to benefit.

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Cardiovascular and Thermal Response to Dry-Sauna Exposure in Healthy Subjects

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Starvation and Climate Change—How to Constrain Cancer Cell Epigenetic Diversity and Adaptability to Enhance Treatment Efficacy

Starvation and Climate Change—How to Constrain Cancer Cell Epigenetic Diversity and Adaptability to Enhance Treatment Efficacy

Autonomic Nervous System Response to Heat Stress Exposure by Means of Heart Rate Variability

Clinical Effects of Regular Dry Sauna Bathing: A Systematic Review

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