Cardiovascular and respiratory emergency dispatch due to short-term exposure to ambient PM10 in Dezful, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the relation between exposure to particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) caused by dust storms and the risk of cardiovascular, respiratory and traffic accident missions carried out by Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Methods: This was a time-series study conducted in Dezful city, Iran. Daily information on the number of missions by the EMS due to cardiovascular, respiratory and crash problems and data on PM10 were inquired from March 2013 until March 2016. A generalized linear model (GLM) with distributed lag models (DLMs) was used to evaluate the relation between the number of EMS missions and the average daily PM10. The latent effects of PM10 were estimated in single and cumulative lags, up to 14 days. Results: In the adjusted model, for each IQR increase in the average daily PM10 concentration, the risk of EMS missions in the total population in single lags of 2 to 7 days, and the cumulative lags of 0-7 and 0-14 days after exposure had a 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 6.7 and 1.4% significant increase. Also, for each IQR increase in the daily mean concentration of PM10 in single 1 to 7, and cumulative lags of 0-2, 0-7, and 0-14 days after exposure, respectively, a 2.4, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.7, 2.5, 7.4, 23.5 and 33. 3 % increase was observed in the risk of EMS cardiovascular missions. Conclusion: Increase in daily PM10 concentrations in Dezful is associated with an increase in the risk of EMS missions in lags up to two weeks after exposure.

Association between PM10 and specific circulatory system diseases in China

“…In Rome, Italy, Alessandrini et al reported that per Inter-quartile range [IQR (19.8 μg/m 3 )] increase in PM 10 concentration was associated with 2.64% (95% CI: 0.06 to 5.29) higher hospitalizations for cerebrovascular diseases 12 . In some Asian countries, such as Korea 13 , Thailand 14 and Iran 15 , similar results have also been reported.…”

Global Health Impacts of Dust Storms: A Systematic Review

“… 42 - 44 In addition, chemical components found in dust storms can enter the brain through the mucosa and olfactory system. 42 After entering the nervous system, they may accumulate in the anterior cortex of the brain and cause problems in emotional regulation and impulse control. 45 Some researchers also suggest that some mechanisms are associated with placental abruption due to dust storms, such as microbiological and chemical substances in dust storms that induce an inflammatory response in the body.…”

“… 3 , 38 , 39 People with a history of diabetes, hypertension, cerebrovascular, or pulmonary disease are also at higher risk. 40 Many epidemiological studies have determined the health effects of dust storms by comparing outcomes during dust storm periods with outcomes during non-dust storm periods 41 - 43 and by assessing the correlation between dust storms or PM 10 exposure and health outcomes. 32 , 44 Many researcher have acknowledged the existence of a significant association between dust exposure and increased morbidity or mortality, but there is no consensus in this regard to date.…”

Mechanistic Implications of Biomass-Derived Particulate Matter for Immunity and Immune Disorders

“…Moreover, PAHs, richly distributed in UFP (PM 0.1 ), can generate oxidative stress, whereas their levels are low in both coarse (PM 10 ) and fine (PM 2.5 ) particles [33]. Generally, PM 10 settles in the upper respiratory tract and is substantially associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases [42,43], cancers [7,44,45], tuberculosis [46,47], and asthma [48,49]. Furthermore, PM 2.5 induces vascular inflammation, leading to a potentially increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications [50].…”