Cardiovascular and Respiratory Changes During Sleep in Normal and Hypertensive Subjects

Bristow, James; Honour, A. J.; Pickering, Thomas G.; Sleight, Peter

doi:10.1093/cvr/3.4.476

Cited by 237 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Evidence from previous studies suggests that sleep lowers blood pressure by a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance due to a reduction in central sympathetic nervous activity (Bristow et al, 1969;Khatri & Ferris, 1969). Since clonidine, a centrally acting sympatholytic agent, induces sedation (Kleinlogel et al, 1975;Putkonen et al, 1977) and lowers blood pressure and heart rate, it has been suggested that sedation alone may contribute to its hypotensive action.…”

Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haemodynamic and hormonal responses after clonidine occur independently of sedation in essential hypertension.

Kooner

Peart

Mathias

1989

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 To investigate the contribution of sedation to the cardiovascular effects induced by clonidine, we studied patients with essential hypertension on two separate occasions when similar levels of sedation were induced by clonidine and nitrazepam. 2 After clonidine, there was a fall in blood pressure, heart rate, digital skin vascular resistance and plasma noradrenaline which is consistent with its ability to reduce sympathetic outflow. Dissociation of the circulatory/neurohormonal and sedative responses after clonidine indicated that sedation alone is not an important factor in the blood pressure lowering effect of clonidine. 3 The absence of a fall in blood pressure, heart rate, digital skin vascular resistance and plasma noradrenaline after nitrazepam further suggest that sedation did not influence the hypotensive response in essential hypertension.

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Section: Introduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haemodynamic and hormonal responses after clonidine occur independently of sedation in essential hypertension.

Kooner

Peart

Mathias

1989

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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“…Increased sympathetic drive during wakefulness and repetitive surges in blood pressure during sleep may reduce BRS or reset the baroreflex function curve to higher levels of pressure (40,46). The reversible resetting and change in BRS associated with sleep are likely centrally mediated (47). NO plays a key role in regulation of vascular tone, the impairment of which is associated with the development of various pathological conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus (48)(49)(50)(51).…”

Section: Effect Of Cpap Treatment On the Brsi In Osas Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Improves Daytime Baroreflex Sensitivity and Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

et al. 2007

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“…hypertension, old age, and exercise (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)42), exhibit a similar pattern of decreasing baroreflex sensitivity and resetting to higher blood pressures. Two mechanisms that have been implicated in baroreflex changes in these conditions may also have implications in developmental changes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because baroreflex sensitivity is effected by other factors that change with age, i.e. resting blood pressure (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33) and resting heart rate (34,35), interaction between these variables was examined by analysis of covariance using age as the last sequential covariate. With this method an adjustment is made for the effects of resting blood pressure and resting heart rate by eliminating the variability in baroreflex sensitivity due to these factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate in Swine

et al. 1990

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ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study is to describe the conscious animals. The unaltered integrated baroreflex response developmental course of arterial baroreflex control of heart can be fully evaluated only in a conscious state because anesthesia rate in swine. Tests of baroreflex function were performed depresses the reflex at multiple peripheral and central sites (17, with eight conscious piglets serially over their first 2 mo 18). of life. Systemic blood pressure was raised with phenylephrine (pressor test) and lowered with nitroprusside (depressor test), and stimulus-response curves relating heart MATERIALS AND METHODS rate to mean blood pressure were constructed. Baroreflex ~~i~~l preparation, ~~~~r were with eight sensitivity was determined as the slope of the linear portion farm piglets from three litters (spotted China-Poland breed). The of the curve. Baroreflex sensitivity decreased with increas-animals were weaned and brought to the research facility at 3 d ing age. ~aroreflex sensitivity was not different between of age. Chronic indwelling vascular catheters (Vascular-Accesspressor and tests except when the piglets were Ports, Access Technologies, Skokie, IL) were placed in the right >52 d old and sensitivity was greater with the depressor common carotid artery and left internal jugular vein as previtest. The heart rates at and and ously described (19). Briefly, Vascular-Access-Ports consist of a therefore the heart rate response range, shifted lower catheter and a reservoir that are totally implanted in the subcuheart rates with increasing age. This shift was more than taneous tissue. The reservoir contains a self-sealing rubber sepcan be for by the simultaneousl~ decreasing tum that is pierced by a deflected-point Huber needle to gain resting heart rate. (Pediatr Res 27: [148][149][150][151][152] 1989) access to the vascular system. The ports were placed in the animals under general halothane anesthesia using aseptic surgical technique. Two reservoirs were placed in the dorso-lateral neck, one on each side of the mid-line. The catheters were tunneled to ~~~~i~l baroreceptors maintain hemostasis in the the ipsilateral ventral neck and inserted into either the carotid system by buffering acute alterations in arterial blood pressure artery or jugular vein. For arterial access, the right common with adjustments in cardiac output and peripheral vascular re-carotid artery was cannulated with a 3.5 Fr. polyurethane cathsistance. These acute alterations in blood pressure happen with eter and the tip was passed to the For common occurrences such as changes in posture, emotions, and access, the left internal jugular vein was cannulated with a 5 Fr. exercise, and the ability of the newborn organism to tolerate silicone catheter and the tip was passed to the right atrium. The these and other stressful disturbances depends on the functional carotid catheter was secured in the vessel with non-occluding state of the arterial baroreflex. several investigators have dem-ligatures, but because of its relatively lar...

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Cardiovascular and Respiratory Changes During Sleep in Normal and Hypertensive Subjects

Cited by 237 publications

References 0 publications

The haemodynamic and hormonal responses after clonidine occur independently of sedation in essential hypertension.

The haemodynamic and hormonal responses after clonidine occur independently of sedation in essential hypertension.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Improves Daytime Baroreflex Sensitivity and Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Moderate to Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Development of Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate in Swine

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