Cardiovascular and Metabolic Adaptations in Horses Competing in Cross-Country Events.

Muñoz, A.; Riber, C.; Santisteban, R.; Rubio,; Agüera, Estrella I.

doi:10.1292/jvms.61.13

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One of the most important biochemical parameters in Sport Medicine is lactate (LA), a metabolite derived from glycolytic pathways, which is an indicator for the onset of fatigue (Munoz et al, 1999a;Rovira et al, 2007b). Hyperlactacidemia has been implied in the development of rhabdomyolysis and exhaustion in dogs (Brzezinska, 1987;Breitschwerdt et al, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Rovira¹,

Muñoz²,

Benito³

2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:Exercise induces a variety of physiological and laboratorial changes of different magnitude and direction, depending on the characteristics of the performed exercise (duration and intensity) and on the fitness and training level of the dog. The present research aims to describe the normal response to a session of search and rescue exercise in trained dogs in order to distinguish these changes from those derived from exhaustion or diseases. Nine healthy and trained dogs of both sexes (five females and four males), aged between 24 months and seven years (mean: 3.5 years) were studied. Exercise consisted in a normal session of searching and rescue training of 20 min of duration, carried out in an open terrain. During the exercise, heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously with a HR-meter. Furthermore, respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and venous blood samples were extracted at rest (R), immediately after exercise (E) and at 5, 15 and 30 min of a passive recuperation (5REC, 15REC and 30REC). The following laboratorial parameters were studied: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), RBC volumetric indices, white blood cells (WBC), creatinine (CREAT), total plasma protein (TPP), lactate (LA), glucose (GLU), triacylglycerols (TAG), creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Na, K, Cl, cortisol (CORT) and insulin (INS). Clinical signs indicative of exhaustion or exercise intolerance were not observed in the dogs during the study. HR increased with E and remained over the reference range until 30REC. RR and RT also rose with E, with the highest RR at 5REC. RBC, HB and PCV were not affected by E, whereas WBC increased at E. TPP, GLU, AST and K were not affect by E neither by REC. E induced elevations in CK, LDH, LA and INS, reaching R values at 30REC, 30REC, 15REC and 5REC, respectively. Plasma Na decreased with E and recovered at 30REC. Plasma Cl decreased with E, without additional significant changes. Circulating CORT concentrations were reduced with E, with the highest reduction at 10REC. Modifications of RR, RT, WBC, CREAT and TAG persisted throughout the recovery period. In conclusion, significant modifications in physiological and laboratorial parameters were induced by the searching and rescue exercise, with values outside the reference range for healthy dogs. These data provide a data base for evaluating ill or injured dogs during this type of exercise. In addition, there was not evidence of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and stress or muscle disorders in the studied dogs.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Rovira¹,

Muñoz²,

Benito³

2008

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Increases in plasma proteins with an increased capillary refill time and a decreased skin turgor might be attributed to the acute dehydration. The increase in serum protein concentrations after exercise has been observed in other equestrian competitions such as polo [14,15] , flat racing [26] , cross country [10] and endurance [24] . It has been reported that hyperproteinemia occurs in athletic horse as a result of dehydration [1] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these changes have been studied in equestrian sports such as flat racing [2][3][4] , endurance [5][6][7] , show jumping [8,9] , eventing [10] , reining [11] , marcha [12] , cavalcade [13] , and polo [14,15] . However, to the best to our knowledge, there is no such a study focused on jereed horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cirit Müsabakalarının Arap Atlarında Oluşturduğu Fiziksel, Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişiklikler

Demirtaş¹

2017

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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The aim of this study is to evaluate physical, haematological and biochemical changes in horses after acute exercise in a jereed game. Jereed is a traditional Turkish equestrian team sport. A total of 14 horses were included in this study. All horses were Arabian stallions aged between 4-14 years old. Respiration rate, heart rate, capillary refill time, mucous membrane and skin turgor (as an indicator for dehydration) were measured and blood samples were collected before the exercise (T0), immediately after first period (T1) and second period (T2), after 30 min (T3) and 60 min of recovery time (T4). Blood samples were analyzed for total cell counts and for determination of lactate, glucose, urea, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, chloride, sodium, potassium, creatinine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phospahatase. All parameters were analyzed using Linear Mixed effect model to evaluate changes of repeated measurements at 5 different time points and LSD was used as post-hoc test. Exercise caused significant increases in heart rate (P<0

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“…Therefore, it can be assumed that the examined group of horses is typical, i.e. within the HR referential ranges for this type of effort (Muñoz et al 1999). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary study on the design of a training status indicator for eventing horses

Wilk¹,

Janczarek²,

Brzozowska³

2017

PHK

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Summary:The effect of training is the continual improvement of a horse's performance and heart rate is one of the most important indicators in that process. The study proves the hypothesis that a heart rate (HR) analysis during the most important moments of an exercise unit can be useful in everyday training with horses taking part in eventing competitions which require a particularly high training workload from the rider/horse pair. The aim of this paper was to develop a preliminary version of a simple indicator to evaluate the training status of horses prepared for eventing competitions. The research included 16 horses competing in this discipline. It was carried out during a standard exercise unit, at a continuous canter at 450 m/min combined with jumps over cross-country obstacles as the main elements. The HR of horses was measured using telemetry devices. An exercise unit was divided into 25 elements. HR readings were taken during subsequent exercise elements. For the design of the training level indicator, exercise elements demonstrating the highest HR progress during the warm-up, canter and jump phases and the greatest HR decrease during recovery in the trot and the walk phases were selected. To design the indicator the following elements were selected: warm-up: 11-15 minutes of trotting and 16 -20 minutes of trotting; canter: 4 -5 minutes of cantering and jumps 2 and 3; recovery: 2 -3 minutes of trotting and 2 -3 minutes of walking. Research in this area should be continued and at the moment, this can be considered as a pilot study.Keywords: horse, training, eventing, heart rate, status, indicator Citation: Wilk I., Janczarek I., Brzozowska K. (2017) Preliminary study on the design of a training status indicator for eventing horses. Pferdeheilkunde 33, 466-471;

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Cardiovascular and Metabolic Adaptations in Horses Competing in Cross-Country Events.

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Effect of exercise on physiological, blood and endocrine parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Cirit Müsabakalarının Arap Atlarında Oluşturduğu Fiziksel, Hematolojik ve Biyokimyasal Değişiklikler

Preliminary study on the design of a training status indicator for eventing horses

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