Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Incidence Among 42785 Adults: The Thai Cohort Study, 2005-2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Due to economic and social development in Thailand, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVA) have been gradually replacing infectious diseases and have become the main threat to health in this country.
 
 METHOD: This study used the 2005 baseline data of 42785 members of the Thai cohort study (TCS) to identify health risk factors correlated with incidence of CVD and/or CVA over 8 years (2005- 2013). We applied multivariate logistic regression to investigate associations between demographic and socioeconomic factors, health conditions, and personal lifestyle factors and CVD and/or CVA incidence. 
 
 RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of CVD and/or CVA in males was more than three times that in females. CVD and/or CVA incidence was correlated with ageing, obesity (AOR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.16-2.40) and previous diagnosis with diabetes (AOR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.80-5.30), hyperlipidaemia (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.08-2.19), hypertension (AOR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.13-2.59), chronic kidney disease (AOR: 2.35, 95% CI: 1.35-4.10), and depression/anxiety (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.64-4.63). Short sleep time was positively associated with CVD and/or CVA in the Thai Cohort Study. An inverse association between performing housework and the incidence of CVD and/or CVA was also identified. However, current smoking had a significant positive correlation with the incidence of CVD and/or CVA for participants.
 
 CONCLUSION: Older age, obesity, underlying diseases, short sleep time, and current smoking were the risk factors for CVD and/or CVA incidence for the participants. However, housework, as an incidental exercise, could protect people against the risk of CVD and/or CVA.

The Impact of Multimorbidity on All-Cause Mortality: A Longitudinal Study of 87,151 Thai Adults

“…The second group was health behaviours or personal lifestyles, which included dietary consumptions (deep fried food, instant food, soft drinks, soybean products: less than once a month (reference) or 1–3 times a month or 1–2 times a week or 3–6 times a week or daily or more; fruits and vegetables: 0–4 (reference) or 5–9 or 10–14 or ≥15). The grouping of intake of fruits and vegetables would be consistent with that of previous articles [ 16 , 19 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…p-trend bolding: The results of p-trend were statistical significance (p for trend <0.05). Life course residence**: Life course residence was categorized in terms of rural (R) or urban (U) residential residence, when aged 10–12 years old and again in 2005, creating four groups: lifelong ruralites (Rural-rural, RR), urbanizers (Rural-urban, RU), de-urbanizers (Urban-rural, UR) and urbanites (Urban-urban, UU) [ 16 , 19 , 21 , 22 ].…”

“…Among them, life course residence was categorized in terms of rural (R) or urban (U) residential residence, when aged 10–12 years old and again in 2005, creating four groups: lifelong ruralites (Rural-rural, RR), urbanizers (Rural-urban, RU), de-urbanizers (Urban-rural, UR) and urbanites (Urban-urban, UU) [ 16 , 19 , 21 , 22 ]. As for personal monthly income, One US dollar were equivalent to around 25 Baht in 2005 [ 13 ].…”

“…Information on weekly exercise was obtained by asking: “during a typical week (7-day period) how many times on average do you do each of these physical activities”: “vigorous exercise over 20 min,” “moderate exercise over 20 min” and “walking for at least 10 min.” In this study, however, we used these three indictors to calculate the adjusted exercise measure (number of sessions): “2 × vigorous exercise +1 × moderate exercise +1 × number of walks per week” to weight weekly activity intensity. This adjusted exercise measure was based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Australian Active Survey (IPAQ and AAS) [ 21 , 22 ], since the question of weekly exercise is a sessions-based measure of physical activity, similar to the sessions component of the is similar to IPAQ and AAS, and many studies in TCS used this measure to weight weekly exercise [ 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Finally, weekly exercise was recoded as “0–7 sessions” (reference) or “8–14 sessions” or “more than 15 sessions,” which was consistent with the grouping of previous articles [ 21 , 22 ].…”

“…This adjusted exercise measure was based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Australian Active Survey (IPAQ and AAS) [ 21 , 22 ], since the question of weekly exercise is a sessions-based measure of physical activity, similar to the sessions component of the is similar to IPAQ and AAS, and many studies in TCS used this measure to weight weekly exercise [ 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Finally, weekly exercise was recoded as “0–7 sessions” (reference) or “8–14 sessions” or “more than 15 sessions,” which was consistent with the grouping of previous articles [ 21 , 22 ]. The other three groups were the frequency of housework (1–3 times a month (reference) or 1–2 times a week or 3–4 times a week or every day or more), sleeping time (hours/day: ≤6 h or 7–8 h (reference) or ≥9 h) and sedentary time (hours/day: ≤7 h (reference) or 8–12 h or ≥13 h).…”