Cardiotoxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor: The complete insight into mechanisms, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment

Ganesh, Sridha; Zhong, Peng; Zhou, Xiaoyang

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.997660

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 88 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…Currently, there is a lack of specific molecular markers for the diagnosis of ICIAM [ 84 ]. Urgently needed are molecular markers that combine specificity and sensitivity in the clinical setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis

Shao,

Liu,

Wang

2023

Cancer Innovation

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play a crucial role in the immunotherapy of malignant tumors, preventing immune evasion by tumor cells and activating autoimmune cells to eliminate the tumor. Despite their proven effectiveness in antitumor therapy, potential immune‐related adverse effects must be recognized, particularly ICI‐associated myocarditis (ICIAM). ICIAM is the most lethal form of organ immunotoxicity, with a significant impact on short‐term mortality. However, ICIAM is predominantly asymptomatic or mildly nonspecific. It is difficult to diagnose, especially due to the lack of unique molecular markers. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in identifying molecular markers for ICIAM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis

Shao,

Liu,

Wang

2023

Cancer Innovation

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Stratifying breast cancer patients by baseline risk of cardiotoxic complications linked to chemotherapy

et al. 2023

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A majority of modern antitumor pharmaceuticals are accompanied by cardiotoxicity. The study aims to present practical approaches to stratifying the baseline risk of antitumor therapies' cardiotoxicity in patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer started on anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab. Material and methods: Stratifying the risks of antitumor therapy was carried out according to the European Society of Cardiology recommendations. A therapist examined all patients for existing cardiovascular diseases and risk factors detection. The blood levels of glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, cardiac troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide were determined. Electrocardiography and echocardiography with an assessment of the myocardium global longitudinal strain were performed. Results: In total, 128 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 54.3±11.0 years were included in the study. Of them, 84.4% had tumor stages I and II, and 21.1% were HER2-positive. Chronic heart failure and ischemic heart disease were detected in 2.3%.  Among the risk factors, the most common were arterial hypertension (51.6%), obesity (29.7%), age 65-70 years (18%), significant smoking history (15.6%), and diabetes mellitus (11.7%). Elevated cardiac troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide baseline levels were present in 5.5% and 7.0% of patients, respectively. To a high-risk group for cardiotoxic complications, 7.8% were allocated, 35.7% were assigned to the moderate-risk group, and 54.7% had low risk. High/very high and moderate-risk patients (43.5%) were referred to a cardiologist. Cardioprotective treatment was started immediately in high/very high-risk patients. Conclusion: All revealed differences between the cardiovascular risk groups were related to age, cardiovascular system condition, and the severity of comorbid pathologies. The baseline stratification of patients into risk groups is a crucial step in preventing the cardiotoxicity of anticancer therapy. Comprehensive assessing the patient's condition before and during chemotherapy allows for avoiding the development of fatal cardiovascular complications in at-risk patients.

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Cardiotoxicity of checkpoint inhibitors: focus on immune side effects

Buziashvili,

Asymbekova,

Tugeeva

et al. 2024

HVT

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Cardiotoxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor: The complete insight into mechanisms, monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 88 publications

Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis

Advances in research on molecular markers in immune checkpoint inhibitor‐associated myocarditis

Stratifying breast cancer patients by baseline risk of cardiotoxic complications linked to chemotherapy

Cardiotoxicity of checkpoint inhibitors: focus on immune side effects

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