Cardiorespiratory parameters in the awake pigeon and during anaesthesia with isoflurane

Botman, Julie; Dugdale, Alex; Gabriel, Fabien; Vandeweerd, Jean Michel

doi:10.1111/vaa.12262

Cited by 26 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…PE′CO 2 under SEVO anaesthesia demonstrated a mild hypercapnia (46±14 mmHg), despite the higher respiratory rate, similarly to previously reported values under ISO anaesthesia (52±7 mmHg; Botman and others 2016). Such mild hypercapnia is commonly observed during anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation in birds (Ludders and others 1989, Joyner and others 2008, Escobar and others 2011, 2012, Botman and others 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Hypercapnia can be explained by hypoventilation due to dorsal recumbency, muscle relaxation and the effects of the volatile anaesthetic agents on the central and peripheral chemoreceptors (Gleed and Ludders 2001). In this study, the PE′CO 2 values recorded in awake pigeons were lower than expected (and lower than had been achieved using the same technique in a previous study; Botman and others 2016), perhaps due to sample dilution, as can be associated with sidestream sampling techniques (Bilbrough 2006). With this in mind, it is hard to draw firm conclusions regarding the observed changes in PE′CO 2 that occurred with SEVO anaesthesia.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…Time to tracheal extubation (3.4±2.1 minutes) was shorter than that reported following ISO anaesthesia under a similar experimental set-up (8.7±1.8 minutes; Botman and others 2016). The time to recovery was also shorter with SEVO (6.4±1.7 minutes) compared with ISO under similar experimental conditions (17.6±3.4 minutes; Botman and others 2016).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…The time to recovery was also shorter with SEVO (6.4±1.7 minutes) compared with ISO under similar experimental conditions (17.6±3.4 minutes; Botman and others 2016). These results are similar to previous studies reporting faster recovery times with SEVO compared with ISO in avian species (Korbel, 1998, Joyner and others 2008, Granone and others 2012, Chan and others 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Such mild hypercapnia is commonly observed during anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation in birds (Ludders and others 1989, Joyner and others 2008, Escobar and others 2011, 2012, Botman and others 2016). Hypercapnia can be explained by hypoventilation due to dorsal recumbency, muscle relaxation and the effects of the volatile anaesthetic agents on the central and peripheral chemoreceptors (Gleed and Ludders 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Anaesthesia with sevoflurane in pigeons: minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) determination and investigation of cardiorespiratory variables at 1 MAC

et al. 2016

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The objective of the study was to determine the minimal anaesthetic concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane (SEVO) in pigeons and investigate the effects of 1 MAC SEVO anaesthesia on cardiovascular and respiratory variables compared with the awake state. This is a prospective, experimental study. Animals were seven healthy adult pigeons. After acclimatisation to handling, heart rate (HR), heart rhythm, respiratory rate (fR), end-expired carbon dioxide tension (PE'CO2), inspired CO2 tension, indirect systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and cloacal temperature were measured to determine baseline, 'awake' values. Pigeons were then anaesthetised with SEVO and MAC was determined by the 'bracketing' method. The same variables were monitored during a 40 minute period at 1.0 MAC SEVO for each bird. Mean MAC was 3.0±0.6 per cent for SEVO. During maintenance of anaesthesia at 1.0 MAC, SAP decreased significantly (P<0.001) without any significant change in HR. Although PE'CO2 increased significantly (P=0.001) despite an increase in fR, awake PE'CO2 values were unexpectedly low. Sinus arrhythmias were detected in two birds under SEVO anaesthesia. The times to tracheal intubation and to recovery were 2.5±0.7 and 6.4±1.7 minutes, respectively. Recovery was rapid and uneventful in all birds. In conclusion, SEVO is suitable for anaesthesia in pigeons.

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