Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with increased pancreatic beta cell function independent of fatness in individuals with the metabolic syndrome: Fitness versus fatness

Ramos, Joyce S.; Dalleck, Lance C.; Borrani, Fabio; Fassett, Robert G.; Coombes, Jeff S.

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2016.04.007

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The closest comparison comes from evidence in children (aged 6-8 years) where physical fitness was inversely related to fasting insulin resistance (24) . Furthermore, there is evidence of improved beta-cell function in adults with a higher physical fitness (41) , which lends support to the result of improved insulin sensitivity in participants with a higher physical fitness in the current data set. There is also a strong body of evidence that chronic exercise interventions improve insulin sensitivity in obese youth (42) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Predictors of postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and insulin resistance in adolescents

et al. 2020

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Postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of insulin resistance in adolescents is increasing, but it is unknown how adolescent participant characteristics such as BMI, waist circumference, fitness and maturity offset may explain responses to a standard meal. The aim of the present study was to examine how such participant characteristics affect the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to an ecologically valid mixed meal. Data from the control trials of three separate randomised, crossover experiments were pooled, resulting in a total of 108 participants (52 boys, 56 girls; age: 12.5±0.6 y; BMI: 19.05±2.66 kg·m-2). A fasting blood sample was taken for the calculation of fasting insulin resistance, using the HOMA-IR model. Further capillary blood samples were taken before and 30-, 60- and 120-min after a standardised lunch, providing 1.5 g.kg-1 body mass of carbohydrate, for the quantification of blood glucose and plasma insulin total area under the curve (tAUC). Hierarchical multiple linear regression demonstrated significant predictors for plasma insulin tAUC were waist circumference, physical fitness and HOMA-IR (F(3, 98)=36.78, p<.001, Adj. R 2 =.515). The variance in blood glucose tAUC was not significantly explained by the predictors used (F(7, 94)=1.44, p=.198). Significant predictors for HOMA-IR were BMI and maturity offset (F(2, 102)=14.06, p<.001, Adj. R 2 =.021). In summary, the key findings of the study are that waist circumference, followed by physical fitness, best explained the insulinemic response to an ecologically valid standardised meal in adolescents. This has important behavioural consequences because these variables can be modified.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Predictors of postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and insulin resistance in adolescents

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, improving BCF can be an important strategy to ameliorate MetS. It is suggested that increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is positively associated with enhanced BCF in individuals with MetS, independent of body fat%, and other confounding factors [19]. The researchers recommended that “Equal, if not more attention should be dedicated to CRF improvement relative to fat-loss for favorable pancreatic BCF and thus a possible reduction in CVD risk in individuals with MetS” [19].…”

Section: Etiology Of Metsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome and Dietary Intervention

Adams

et al. 2018

IJMS

168

101

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The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The rising rates of CVD and diabetes, which are the two leading causes of death, simultaneously exist. To prevent the progression of MetS to diabetes and CVD, we have to understand how MetS occurs and how it progresses. Too many causative factors interact with each other, making the investigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome a very complex issue. Recently, a number of studies were conducted to investigate mechanisms and interventions of MetS, from different aspects. In this review, the proposed and demonstrated mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis are discussed and summarized. More importantly, different interventions are discussed, so that health practitioners can have a better understanding of the most recent research progress and have available references for their daily practice.

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“…Current literature still debates whether fatness or fitness contributes to inflammation to the same extent. [29][30][31][32] CONCLUSIONS This study shows that MetS is minimal in an adolescent population that is fit across weight status, and physical fitness can attenuate some components of MetS. Despite all adolescents being physically fit, MetS was associated with central adiposity (measured by WC and trunk fat mass) and inflammation across weight status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Does Weight Status Impact Metabolic Health in Adolescents When Controlling for Physical Fitness?

Stolzman

Skelton

Harkins

et al. 2019

Pediatric Physical Therapy

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Purpose:To determines whether adolescents who are fit with overweight/obesity are similar in their metabolic profile to adolescents who are fit and normal weight. Methods:Adolescents participated in 3 sessions: (1) resting vitals and anthropometrics; (2) maximal aerobic treadmill test (V̇O 2max ) to determine physical fitness; and (3) dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and fasting laboratory draw for analysis of insulin, glucose, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. Results:Of the 30 fit adolescents who are normal weight and 16 adolescents who are fit and overweight/obese (OW/OB), metabolic syndrome was apparent in 1 adolescent who are normal weight and 4 adolescents who are OW/OB. Metabolic syndrome severity was positively associated with body mass index, waist circumference, total body fat, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein but inversely associated with peak relative, but not lean V̇O 2max . Conclusions:Despite good physical fitness, adolescents who are OW/OB demonstrated greater metabolic syndrome than adolescents who are normal weight. Future intervention research is necessary to explore the relation between physical fitness and metabolic syndrome.Additional body composition measurements were completed using total body DXA scans via the Lunar GE Prodigy (GE, Madison, Wisconsin) bone densitometer. Scans were analyzed using Lunar GE Prodigy pediatric software to quantify total body fat (%), total lean mass, and trunk fat mass. Total body fat z scores for age and sex were determined via pediatric body composition reference charts. Tanner Staging Each adolescent completed a Tanner Staging questionnaire to self-report pubertal stage (Stage I [prepubertal], Stages II-IV [peripubertal], and Stage V [full maturity]). Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; NS, nonsignificant.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with increased pancreatic beta cell function independent of fatness in individuals with the metabolic syndrome: Fitness versus fatness

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Predictors of postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and insulin resistance in adolescents

Predictors of postprandial glycaemia, insulinaemia and insulin resistance in adolescents

Etiology of Metabolic Syndrome and Dietary Intervention

Does Weight Status Impact Metabolic Health in Adolescents When Controlling for Physical Fitness?

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