Cardiorespiratory fitness is a stronger indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors and risk prediction than self-reported physical activity levels

Abstract

This study investigated the relationships of self-reported physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness in 81 males to assess which measurement is the greatest indicator of cardiometabolic risk. Physical activity levels were determined by the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire tool and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed using the Chester Step Test. Cardiovascular disease risk was estimated using the QRISK2, Framingham Lipids, Framingham body mass index and Joint British Societies' Guidelines-2 equations, and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk calculated using QDiabetes, Leicester Risk Assessment, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and Cambridge Risk Score models. Categorising employees by cardiorespiratory fitness categories ('Excellent/Good' vs 'Average/Below Average') identified more differences in cardiometabolic risk factor (body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA 1c ) scores than physical activity (waist circumference only). Cardiorespiratory fitness levels also demonstrated differences in all four type 2 diabetes mellitus risk prediction models and both the QRISK2 and Joint British Societies' Guidelines-2 cardiovascular disease equations. Furthermore, significant negative correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between individual cardiorespiratory fitness values and estimated risk in all prediction models. In conclusion, from this preliminary observational study, cardiorespiratory fitness levels reveal a greater number of associations with markers of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to physical activity determined by the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire tool.

Aerobical Physical Activities Improve Quality of Cardiac Health in an Animal Model: Parameters of Calorimetry, Profile Lipids and Oxidative Stress

“…They need, however, a more comprehensive view and a specific detail of their relation with the pathophysiology of diseases. Thus, it is essential Significance statistically between the Control group (C) and Trained group (TR) *: p<0.05 Significant difference between control (C) and trained group (TR) *: p<0.05; ** p<0.01 to identify the factors and to know the effects of physical exercise on modulating cardiovascular risks, with the predominant purpose of medical conduct and the treatment of cardiopathy individuals [5,15,16].…”

“…The risk of developing heart diseases can be explained by sidereactions of the metabolism, which has been shown to promote oxidative stress through the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or reduced antioxidant defense that provokes the decrease of health and well-being of biological systems and their functions [3][4][5][6].…”

Metabolic Disorders Cardiac: Disturbances Triggers by Lack of ATP?

“…Thus, during starvation, the energy demand in the heart is provided by ketone bodies (78%) and fatty acid oxidation (22%) [2,5,7]. This change in substrate preference results from a large increase in the plasma concentration of ketone bodies (from 0.19 to 4 mM for hydroxybutyrate and from 0.17 to 1.2 mM for acetoacetate), increase in fatty acids (from 0.35 to 0.82 mM for palmitate) [2][3][4][5][6][7]14].…”

“…The risk of developing heart diseases can be explained by sidereactions of the metabolism, which has been shown to promote oxidative stress through the elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and/or reduced antioxidant defense which causes the decrease of health and well-being of biological systems and their functions [3][4][5].…”

Physical activity and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: population studies review

“…Кроме того, уровень кардиореспираторной работоспособности демонстрировал значимые различия во всех моделях предсказания риска СД2. Авторы делают вывод, что кардиореспираторная выносливость обнару-живает большее число ассоциаций с маркерами карди-ометаболического риска и СД2, чем показатель уровня ФА, определенной с помощью вопросника [22].…”