Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle Age and Health Care Costs in Later Life

Bachmann, Justin M.; DeFina, Laura F.; Franzini, Luisa; Gao, Ang; Léonard, David; Cooper, Kenneth H.; Berry, Jarett D.; Willis, Benjamin L.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.030

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…did not focus on CVD, our results seem to be in line with their findings, with −$723 as the difference between optimal PA versus nonoptimal PA in the multivariate model, in the general population. Another recent study analyzed costs related to PA using the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (CCLS) . They found that expenditures in later life (≥65 years of age) were greatly diminished if cardiorespiratory fitness was achieved in midlife years (around 50 years of age).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past reports have described the relationship between some level of PA and costs 13,17,19,20,22,31 ; however, none have recently shown this on the basis of CVD, 16 with a focus on CRFs. This study provides current estimates from a nationally representative sample of the US population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another recent study analyzed costs related to PA using the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study (CCLS). 17 They found that expenditures in later life (≥65 years of age) were greatly diminished if cardiorespiratory fitness was achieved in midlife years (around 50 years of age). Our results are not readily comparable with theirs given that they only studied Medicare-and Medicaid-covered individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…prevalence is well below desired levels, despite numerous interventions to increase PA. [7][8][9][10][11] In addition, many previous studies have sought to describe the economic impact of PA on health status, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] but these either exclusively studied older populations and/or evaluated health-related charges (rather than expenditures). In addition, no nation-wide economic impact of PA has been reported in recent years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic Impact of Moderate‐Vigorous Physical Activity Among Those With and Without Established Cardiovascular Disease: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

Salami

Osondu

Ogunmoroti

et al. 2016

JAHA

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BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) has an established favorable impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and quality of life. In this study, we aimed to estimate the economic effect of moderate‐vigorous PA on medical expenditures and utilization from a nationally representative cohort with and without CVD.Methods and ResultsThe 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data were analyzed. Our study population was limited to noninstitutionalized US adults ≥18 years of age. Variables of interest included CVD (coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, dysrhythmias, or peripheral artery disease) and cardiovascular modifiable risk factors (CRFs; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and/or obesity). Two‐part econometric models were utilized to study cost data; a generalized linear model with gamma distribution and link log was used to assess expenditures per capita. The final study sample included 26 239 surveyed individuals. Overall, 47% engaged in moderate‐vigorous PA ≥30 minutes, ≥5 days/week, translating to 111.5 million adults in the United States stratifying by CVD status; 32% reported moderate‐vigorous PA among those with CVD versus 49% without CVD. Generally, participants reporting moderate‐vigorous PA incurred significantly lower health care expenditures and resource utilization, displaying a step‐wise lower total annual health care expenditure as moving from CVD to non‐CVD (and each CRF category).ConclusionsModerate‐vigorous PA ≥30 minutes, ≥5 days/week is associated with significantly lower health care spending and resource utilization among individuals with and without established CVD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Economic Impact of Moderate‐Vigorous Physical Activity Among Those With and Without Established Cardiovascular Disease: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

Salami

Osondu

Ogunmoroti

et al. 2016

JAHA

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“…Finally, it has been demonstrated that adequate levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in adults have a strong association with lower public health care costs during the last period of life [22].…”

Section: Changes In Physical Fitness Throughout Human Life Spanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness Assessment as an Anti-Aging Marker: A Narrative Review

Amaro‐Gahete¹,

De-la-O²,

Jurado‐Fasoli³

et al. 2017

J Gerontol Geriatr Res

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Aging is a natural, physiological, and inevitable process, but it can be also influenced. Although aging is not a disease, it has several characteristics that could indicate so, such as a functional decline at different levels, which may determine clinical manifestations, and it is associated with several disease processes. Consequently, it is essential to create and adopt strategies to delay the aging process. Nowadays, any strategy adopted without including physical exercise seems inconceivable. Recent studies published in relation to this population have shown that the maintenance of acceptable levels of physical fitness is associated with the prevention of many of premature aging consequences, good rates of health, and quality of life of the person. cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength (as physical fitness components) are excellent life expectancy and quality of life predictors. Therefore, reaching a good fitness level is the most powerful clinical method to prevent and delay the aging process. Not only their years to live increase, but also their quality, with health and without diseases or mobility dependence.

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Trends and Costs Associated With Suboptimal Physical Activity Among US Women With Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2019

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle Age and Health Care Costs in Later Life

Abstract: Higher cardiorespiratory fitness in middle age is strongly associated with lower health care costs at an average of 22 years later in life, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings may have important implications for health policies directed at improving physical fitness.

Cited by 51 publications

References 38 publications

Economic Impact of Moderate‐Vigorous Physical Activity Among Those With and Without Established Cardiovascular Disease: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

Economic Impact of Moderate‐Vigorous Physical Activity Among Those With and Without Established Cardiovascular Disease: 2012 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

Fitness Assessment as an Anti-Aging Marker: A Narrative Review

Trends and Costs Associated With Suboptimal Physical Activity Among US Women With Cardiovascular Disease

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