Cardiorespiratory fitness and depression symptoms among adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Shuval, Kerem; Léonard, David; DeFina, Laura F.; Barlow, Carolyn E.; Drope, Jeffrey; Amir, On; Gneezy, Ayelet; Tzafrir, Shay S.; Chartier, Karen G.; Qadan, Mahmoud

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102065

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“… 72 In addition, the CCLS cohort consists of participants who are primarily white with access to preventive medicine healthcare and thus not representative of the US population. 70 The homogeneity of the sample increases the internal validity of the study, 34 yet this might limit the generalisability of findings and necessitates future research among more diverse and representative samples. 28 When comparing the incidence rate of dementia in our sample to data from the CHAP study, the annual incidence rate was very similar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI with dementia risk: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Gafni,

Weinstein,

Leonard

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of midlife fitness and body mass index (BMI) with incident dementia later in life.Design and participantsA cohort study of 6428 individuals (mean age 50.9±7.6 years) from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study.MeasuresCardiorespiratory fitness and BMI were assessed twice (1970–1999) during visits to the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine clinic in Dallas, Texas. These measures were examined as continuous and categorical variables. As continuous variables, fitness and BMI were examined at baseline (averaged of two examinations) and as absolute change between exams (mean time 2.1±1.8 years). Variables were categorised: unfit versus fit and normal versus overweight/obese. Medicare claims data were used to obtain all-cause dementia incidence (1999–2009). Mean follow-up between midlife examinations and Medicare surveillance was 15.7 ((SD=6.2) years. Multivariable models were used to assess the associations between fitness, BMI and dementia.ResultsDuring 40 773 person years of Medicare surveillance, 632 cases of dementia were identified. After controlling for BMI and covariates, each 1-metabolic equivalent increment in fitness was associated with 5% lower (HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99) dementia risk. In comparison, after controlling for fitness and covariates, each 1 kg/m2increment in BMI was associated with a 3.0% (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.07) higher risk for dementia, yet without significance (p=0.051). Similar findings were observed when the exposures were categorised. Changes in fitness and BMI between examinations were not related to dementia. Jointly, participants who were unfit and overweight/obese had the highest (HR 2.28 95% CI 1.57 to 3.32) dementia risk compared with their fit and normal weight counterparts.ConclusionLower midlife fitness is a risk marker for dementia irrespective of weight status. Being unfit coupled with overweight/obese status might increase one’s risk for dementia even further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI with dementia risk: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Gafni,

Weinstein,

Leonard

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

Self Cite

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“…The CCLS is a pro-spective cohort study that aims to assess the association of lifestyle behaviors with morbidity and mortality. 18 Study participants are community-dwelling adults who are self-referred for preventive care or referred to the clinic by their employer. They are predominantly White and well educated and have access to medical care.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study participants are community-dwelling adults who are self-referred for preventive care or referred to the clinic by their employer. They are predominantly White and well educated and have access to medical care . The Cooper Institute institutional review board evaluates and approves the CCLS on an annual basis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Activity and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Men and Women

Shuval,

Leonard,

DeFina

et al. 2024

JAMA Cardiol

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ImportancePrior cross-sectional studies have suggested that very high levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with a higher prevalence of coronary artery calcium (CAC). However, less is known regarding the association between high-volume PA and progression of CAC over time.ObjectiveTo explore the association between PA (measured at baseline and during follow-up) and the progression of CAC over time.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included data from 8771 apparently healthy men and women 40 years and older who had multiple preventive medicine visits at the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas), with a mean (SD) follow-up time of 7.8 (4.7) years between the first and last clinic visit. Participants with reported PA and CAC measurements at each visit during 1998 to 2019 were included in the study. Data were analyzed from March 2023 to February 2024.ExposuresPA reported at baseline and follow-up, examined continuously per 500 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week (MET-min/wk) and categorically: less than 1500, 1500 to 2999, 3000 or more MET-min/wk.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNegative binomial regression was used to estimate the rate of mean CAC progression between visits, with potential modification by PA volume, calculated as the mean of PA at baseline and follow-up. In addition, proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for baseline PA as a predictor of CAC progression to 100 or more Agatston units (AU).ResultsAmong 8771 participants, the mean (SD) age at baseline was 50.2 (7.3) years for men and 51.1 (7.3) years for women. The rate of mean CAC progression per year from baseline was 28.5% in men and 32.1% in women, independent of mean PA during the same time period. That is, the difference in the rate of CAC progression per year was 0.0% per 500 MET-min/wk for men and women (men: 95% CI, −0.1% to 0.1%; women: 95% CI, −0.4% to 0.5%). Moreover, baseline PA was not associated with CAC progression to a clinically meaningful threshold of 100 AU or more over the follow-up period. The hazard ratio for a baseline PA value of 3000 or more MET-min/wk vs less than 1500 MET-min/wk to cross this threshold was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.08) in men and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.57 to 2.35) in women.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that PA volume was not associated with progression of CAC in a large cohort of healthy men and women who were initially free of overt cardiovascular disease.

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“…Evidence also suggests that O3I is associated with greater hippocampal volume ( Satizabal et al, 2022 , Pottala et al, 2014 , Chen et al, 2020 ) and reduced decline in cognitive function7 ( Rouch et al, 2022 , Cook et al, 2019 , Tan et al, 2012 ), However, few studies have adjusted for physical activity, ( Tan et al, 2012 ) and none have accounted for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an objective physiological indicator of habitual physical activity ( Pentikäinen et al, 2019 , Shuval et al, 2022 ). We have previously shown that CRF is strongly associated with reduced cognitive impairment ( Farrell et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory fitness and depression symptoms among adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI with dementia risk: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI with dementia risk: the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Physical Activity and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Men and Women

Omega-3 index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cognitive function in mid-age and older adults

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