Cardiorespiratory fitness and brain atrophy in early Alzheimer disease

Burns, Jeffrey M.; Cronk, Benjamin; Anderson, Heather S.; Donnelly, Joseph E.; Thomas, George P.; Harsha, Amith; Brooks, William M.; Swerdlow, Russell H.

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000317094.86209.cb

Cited by 311 publications

(336 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Finally, (Dutsman et al, 1990;Hilman et al, 2003) an increased cerebral blood flow was observed in zones related directly to verbal learning and memory. These benefits extended to Alzheimer´s patients to a to a greater aerobic capacity in those that have less brain atrophy than subjects who are not in shape (Burns et al, 2008;Heyn et al, 2004). Additionally, postmenopausal women in good physical shape, independent from HRT (hormone replacement), show an increase in cognition and brain volume than women that are less physically fit (Ericson et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effects Of Physical Exercise On the Cognitive Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a combined program of physical activity and intellectual activity in the cognitive functioning of the elderly

Vidal

Martínez

Pereira

et al. 2011

JHSE

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Martínez-Vidal A, Prada A, Díaz MP, Martínez-Patiño MJ. Effect of a combined program of physical activity and intellectual activity in the cognitive functioning of the elderly. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 462-473, 2011. Aerobic exercise done in an enriched environment with intellectual activity seems to improve cognitive performance associated with the aging process of humans, although the results can sometimes be contradictory. The objective of the present study was to ascertain to what degree the practice of combined aerobic exercise and memory strategies improve the cognitive functioning, in general, and to a more concrete measure in the cognitive memory domain of the elderly. Sixteen subjects, the majority of which were women with only two of which were men, participated in the investigation. The average age of all participants was 71. A prospective, longitudinal, and intra-subject design was to evaluate the cognitive abilities before and after the intervention, using a modified Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) as the instrument of measure. The intervention lasted over a period of eight months and consisted in a physical activity program based upon various abilities of displacement as well as association, sequential, and imagination memory strategies. The recall differential variable presented statistical differences significant at the 95% confidence interval to the degree pre and post intervention (t= -4.842; sig = 0.000; with the limits at -1.71028 y -0.66472) while the other cognitive domains showed general improvement in the post-intervention measures although no reaching significant levels. On the other hand, it was demonstrated by Cochran´s Q test that after the intervention, an overall incremental improvement existed in the number of subjects that responded correctly to all items in each cognitive domain, being most prominent and the only significant percent of subjects that after the program responded correctly to all of the items in the recall (0.011). No significant improvements were shown in the terms of age group nor in terms of initial cognitive function (U of Mann Whitley), however, the subjects who initially had the lowest cognitive level are among those that benefited the most from the program.

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Section: Effects Of Physical Exercise On the Cognitive Abilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a combined program of physical activity and intellectual activity in the cognitive functioning of the elderly

Vidal

Martínez

Pereira

et al. 2011

JHSE

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“…Moreover, there is increasing evidence to support an inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and brain atrophy in the earliest clinical stages of AD. Higher fitness levels in early AD patients were associated with preserved brain volume (less brain atrophy) independent of age 5 . Several studies have shown that physical training programs may have a role in the improvement of ADL, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and motor and cognitive function in patients with AD 3,4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Treadmill training as an augmentation treatment for Alzheimer?s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

Arcoverde

Deslandes²,

Moraes

et al. 2014

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Objective: To assess the effect of aerobic exercise on the cognition and functional capacity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Method: Elderly (n=20) with mild dementia (NINCDS-ADRDA/CDR1) were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG) on a treadmill (30 minutes, twice a week and moderate intensity of 60% VO 2max ) and control group (GC) 10 patients. The primary outcome measure was the cognitive function using Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Specifics instruments were also applied to evaluate executive function, memory, attention and concentration, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and functional capacity. Results: After 16 weeks, the EG showed improvement in cognition CAMCOG whereas the CG declined. Compared to the CG, the EG presented significant improvement on the functional capacity. The analysis of the effect size has shown a favorable response to the physical exercise in all dependent variables. Conclusion: Walking on treadmill may be recommended as an augmentation treatment for patients with AD.Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, aerobic exercise, physical training, cognitive function, functional capacity. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbio na cognição e na capacidade funcional em pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Método: Idosos (n=20) com demência leve ((NINCDS-ADRDA/CDR1) foram randomizados em grupo exercício (GE) na esteira (30 minutos, 2 vezes por semana e intensidade moderada de 60% VO 2max )e grupo controle (GC) 10 pacientes. A medida principal foi a função cognitiva através do Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG). Instrumentos específicos também foram aplicados para avaliar a função executiva, atenção e concentração, flexibilidade cognitiva, controle inibitório e capacidade funcional. Resultados: Após 16 semanas, o GE mostrou melhora na cognição CAMCOG enquanto o CG declinou. Comparado ao GC, o GE apresentou melhora significativa na capacidade funcional. A análise do tamanho de efeito mostrou resposta favorável do exercício físico em todas as variáveis dependentes. Conclusão: Caminhar na esteira pode ser recomendado como um tratamento adicional para pacientes com doença de Alzheimer.Palavras-chave: doença de Alzheimer, exercício aeróbio, treinamento físico, função cognitiva, capacidade funcional.

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“…Memory is the cognitive domain most significantly impaired in MCI and in early stages of dementia, whereas executive functions tend to falter in the later stages of AD [6,64]. Recent MRI studies have reported an association between medial temporal deterioration and cardiovascular fitness [17] and an association between increased cardiovascular fitness and reduced brain atrophy in AD [16]. The spectrum of physical training interventions adopted in these trials included Tai Chi, flexibility, relaxation, balancing techniques, and varying intensities of aerobic exercise and strength training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity that targets cardiovascular fitness (peak VO 2 ) may offer neuroprotective benefits and attenuate the neuronal structural and functional changes that are associated with MCI and dementia [15][16][17]. Evidence from animal models has demonstrated that aerobic exercise can increase neurogenesis, angiogenesis, learning, and memory in rats [18,19] and inhibit the progression of Alzheimer's-related neuropathology in mice [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of exercise intervention on cognitive performance in persons at risk of, or with, dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hess¹,

Dieberg²,

McFarlane³

et al. 2014

Health Aging Res

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Cardiorespiratory fitness and brain atrophy in early Alzheimer disease

Cited by 311 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of a combined program of physical activity and intellectual activity in the cognitive functioning of the elderly

Effect of a combined program of physical activity and intellectual activity in the cognitive functioning of the elderly

Treadmill training as an augmentation treatment for Alzheimer?s disease: a pilot randomized controlled study

The effect of exercise intervention on cognitive performance in persons at risk of, or with, dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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