Cardiorespiratory and Immunologic Effects of Electronic Cigarettes

Keith, Rachel J.; Bhatnagar, Aruni

doi:10.1007/s40429-021-00359-7

Cited by 42 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Emerging data indicate that e-cig use may adversely affect the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems [24,[35][36][37][38][39]. Also, limited evidence exists on the potential of e-cigs to cause carcinogenic effects [32,33,[40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Health Consequences: Smoking Vs Vapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes: The Two Sides of a Nicotine Coin

Besaratinia

2021

Front. Oral. Health

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Tobacco smoking-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, stroke, and cancer in multiple organ sites, are the leading causes of preventable death, worldwide. Youth electronic cigarette use (vaping) is an evolving public health problem in the United States and around the world. Many of the same toxicants and carcinogens present in tobacco smoke are also found in electronic cigarette vapor, although mostly at substantially lower levels. The reduced concentrations of these chemicals in electronic cigarette vapor may imply lower health risk; however, they cannot equate to no risk. To date, the long-term health consequences of vaping are largely unknown. This “Perspective” provides a concise chronology of events leading up to an unprecedented global challenge, namely the convergence of global tobacco epidemic and youth vaping epidemic. Current state of knowledge, outstanding questions in the field, present challenges, and future directions in research are highlighted. The existing data show a continued and dynamic evolution of the converged epidemics. The goal should be to prevent youth vaping while improving smoking cessation strategies. In smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit smoking, the objective should be to provide “provably” safe or less-harmful alternatives, which should “completely” or “substantially” substitute tobacco cigarettes.

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Section: Health Consequences: Smoking Vs Vapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes: The Two Sides of a Nicotine Coin

Besaratinia

2021

Front. Oral. Health

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“…A recent review highlighted that the use of e-cigs determines negative changes in cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems, increasing blood pressure, heart rate, arterial stiffness, and resistance to air flow in lungs and causing the production of immunomodulatory cytokines. Results from animal and in vitro studies confirmed that long-term exposure to e-cigs is associated to significant health risks for these systems [ 11 ]. Moreover, since 2019, a new epidemic of a syndrome called e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) has affected thousands of U.S. individuals [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices

Manigrasso

Protano

Vitali

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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To investigate passive vaping due to sub-ohm electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), aerosol number size distribution measurements (6 nm–10 µm) were performed during volunteer-vaping sessions. E-liquids, with vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG), with a VG/PG ratio of 50/50 (with nicotine) and 80/20 (without nicotine), were vaped with a double-coil, single aerosol exit hole at 25–80 W electric power, corresponding to 130–365 kW m−2 heat fluxes and with an octa-coil, four aerosol exit holes atomizers, at 50–150 W electric power, corresponding to 133–398 kW m−2 heat fluxes. At the lowest heat flux, lower particle number concentrations (NTot) were observed for the nicotine-liquid than for the nicotine-free liquid, also due to its higher content of PG, more volatile than VG. For the octa-coil atomizer, at 265 and 398 kW m−2, NTot decreased below the first-generation e-cig, whereas volume concentrations greatly increased, due to the formation of super micron droplets. Higher volume concentrations were observed for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid, because of VG vaporization and of its decomposition products, greater than for PG. For the double coil atomizer, increasing the electric power from 40 W (208 kW m−2) to 80 W (365 kW m−2) possibly led to a critical heat flow condition, causing a reduction of the number concentrations for the VG/PG 50/50 liquid, an increase for the 80/20 VG/PG liquid and a decrease of the volume concentrations for both of them. Coherently, the main mode was at about 0.1 µm on both metrics for both liquids. For the other tests, two main modes (1 and 2 µm) were observed in the volume size distributions, the latter becoming wider at 100 and 150 W (265 and 398 kW m−2), suggesting the increased emission of light condensable decomposition products. The lower aerosol emissions observed at 150 W than at 100 W suggest the formation of gas-phase decomposition products. The observation of low-count high-volume aerosols addresses the relevance of the volume metric upon measuring the second-hand concentration of the aerosols released by sub-ohm e-cigarettes.

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“…The characteristic health risks of ENDS toxicity cannot be readily extrapolated based on the relatively fewer numbers or levels of toxins compared with cigarette smoke 4–6. In addition, ENDS contain compounds not otherwise present in combustible cigarettes, such as the solvents propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol, and flavourants that may pose unique health risks through continuous use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging ENDS products and challenges in tobacco control toxicity research

et al. 2022

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Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) continue to rapidly evolve. Current products pose unique challenges and opportunities for researchers and regulators. This commentary aims to highlight research gaps, particularly in toxicity research, and provide guidance on priority research questions for the tobacco regulatory community. Disposable flavoured ENDS have become the most popular device class among youth and may contain higher nicotine levels than JUUL devices. They also exhibit enhanced harmful and potentially harmful constituents production, contain elevated levels of synthetic coolants and pose environmental concerns. Synthetic nicotine and flavour capsules are innovations that have recently enabled the circumvention of Food and Drug Administration oversight. Coil-less ENDS offer the promise of delivering fewer toxicants due to the absence of heating coils, but initial studies show that these products exhibit similar toxicological profiles compared with JUULs. Each of these topic areas requires further research to understand and mitigate their impact on human health, especially their risks to young users.

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Cardiorespiratory and Immunologic Effects of Electronic Cigarettes

Cited by 42 publications

References 100 publications

From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes: The Two Sides of a Nicotine Coin

From Tobacco Cigarettes to Electronic Cigarettes: The Two Sides of a Nicotine Coin

Passive Vaping from Sub-Ohm Electronic Cigarette Devices

Emerging ENDS products and challenges in tobacco control toxicity research

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