Cardiorenal Involvement in Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Cola Drinking in Rats: Proinflammatory Cytokines and Impaired Antioxidative Protection

Otero‐Losada, Matilde; Llambí, Hernán Gómez; Ottaviano, G; Cao, Gabriel; Müller, Angélica; Azzato, Francisco; Ambrosio, Giuseppe; Milei, José

doi:10.1155/2016/5613056

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“… Chronic inflammatory or non-inflammatory illness, renal or hepatic failure. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) ( 37 ). Coexistence of at least 3 of the following: abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia or diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL-C, and hypertension ( 38 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Recent-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis Patients without Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

et al. 2018

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Studies on the inflammatory burden in recent-onset psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients without conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are not available. This preliminary study focuses on cardiovascular risk in cutaneous psoriasis (CPs) and recent-onset PsA patients. Blood biochemistry (glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, lipid profile and apolipoprotein B) was analyzed using standard kits. Proatherogenic inflammation markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and endothelial activators monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ultrasound images allowed measuring carotid intima–media thickness (cIMT). Our study first shows an increase in cIMT, and in serum levels of sICAM-1 and CRP in recent-onset PsA patients not presenting conventional CVRFs over the non-medicated time-period, from disease diagnosis to the beginning of pharmacological treatment, compared with healthy subjects. The outcome highlights the importance of monitoring serum level of sICAM1, CRP, and cIMT, and the value of primary prevention in psoriatic patients even with no history of cardiovascular events.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Recent-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis Patients without Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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“…Systolic blood pressure and most of the biochemical parameters normalize after switching cola beverages to tap water over a sustained washout period. However, hypertriglyceridemia is resistant and persists long after discontinuing cola consumption (Milei et al, 2011 ; Otero-Losada et al, 2014 , 2015 , 2016a ).…”

Section: Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As already mentioned, one of our research lines investigates the effects of chronic cola beverages consumption in murine models. Clear evidence of beneficial effects of a wash-out period (diet) and exercise have been reported (Milei et al, 2011 ; Otero-Losada et al, 2014 , 2015 , 2016a , b ).…”

Section: Neuroprotectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome and Neuroprotection

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Introduction: Over the years the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has drastically increased in developing countries as a major byproduct of industrialization. Many factors, such as the consumption of high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle, bolster the spread of this disorder. Undoubtedly, the massive and still increasing incidence of MetS places this epidemic as an important public health issue. Hereon we revisit another outlook of MetS beyond its classical association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2), for MetS also poses a risk factor for the nervous tissue and threatens neuronal function. First, we revise a few essential concepts of MetS pathophysiology. Second, we explore some neuroprotective approaches in MetS pertaining brain hypoxia. The articles chosen for this review range from the years 1989 until 2017; the selection criteria was based on those providing data and exploratory information on MetS as well as those that studied innovative therapeutic approaches.Pathophysiology: The characteristically impaired metabolic pathways of MetS lead to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and hypoxia, all closely associated with an overall pro-oxidative status. Oxidative stress is well-known to cause the wreckage of cellular structures and tissue architecture. Alteration of the redox homeostasis and oxidative stress alter the macromolecular array of DNA, lipids, and proteins, in turn disrupting the biochemical pathways necessary for normal cell function.Neuroprotection: Different neuroprotective strategies are discussed involving lifestyle changes, medication aimed to mitigate MetS cardinal symptoms, and treatments targeted toward reducing oxidative stress. It is well-known that the routine practice of physical exercise, aerobic activity in particular, and a complete and well-balanced nutrition are key factors to prevent MetS. Nevertheless, pharmacological control of MetS as a whole and pertaining hypertension, dyslipidemia, and endothelial injury contribute to neuronal health improvement.Conclusion: The development of MetS has risen as a risk factor for neurological disorders. The therapeutic strategies include multidisciplinary approaches directed to address different pathological pathways all in concert.

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“…MetS is the constellation of vascular risk factors including hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, and/or insulin resistance, hypertension, and visceral obesity in man (Otero-Losada et al, 2016 ). These factors embody the prelude to type 2 diabetes (T2D) (Bruce and Hanson, 2010 ), characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and low insulin sensitivity (American Diabetes Association, 2002 ; McCrimmon et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion As a Silent Consequence Of Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…While aging slows-down protein quality control systems (Ciechanover and Kwon, 2015 ), age-related stress and protein misfolding play a major role in cerebral proteopathies, the sporadic forms of the neurodegenerative disease (Saxena and Caroni, 2011 ). MetS is a high-risk condition for premature aging-related changes (Otero-Losada et al, 2011 , 2016 ).…”

Section: Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion and Sporadic Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotection Targeting Protein Misfolding on Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in the Context of Metabolic Syndrome

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors that lead to microvascular dysfunction and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). Long-standing reduction in oxygen and energy supply leads to brain hypoxia and protein misfolding, thereby linking CCH to Alzheimer's disease. Protein misfolding results in neurodegeneration as revealed by studying different experimental models of CCH. Regulating proteostasis network through pathways like the unfolded protein response (UPR), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and macroautophagy emerges as a novel target for neuroprotection. Lipoxin A4 methyl ester, baclofen, URB597, N-stearoyl-L-tyrosine, and melatonin may pose potential neuroprotective agents for rebalancing the proteostasis network under CCH. Autophagy is one of the most studied pathways of proteostatic cell response against the decrease in blood supply to the brain though the role of the UPR-specific chaperones and the UPS system in CCH deserves further research. Pharmacotherapy targeting misfolded proteins at different stages in the proteostatic pathway might be promising in treating cognitive impairment following CCH.

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Cardiorenal Involvement in Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Cola Drinking in Rats: Proinflammatory Cytokines and Impaired Antioxidative Protection

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

Immune-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Recent-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis Patients without Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Immune-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Recent-Onset Psoriatic Arthritis Patients without Conventional Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Metabolic Syndrome and Neuroprotection

Neuroprotection Targeting Protein Misfolding on Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in the Context of Metabolic Syndrome

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