Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Gavrilović, Pavle; Dobrosavljević, Ivan; Vasković, Nikola; Todorović, Igor; Živulj, Aleksandar; Kureljušić, Branislav; Pavlović, Ivan

doi:10.1556/004.2019.007

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Among wild canids, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is an important reservoir for Dirofi laria. Adult heartworms were identifi ed in 4 out of 83 fox carcasses in South Banat, and adult D. repens nematodes were found subcutaneously in two wolves and on a fox in Serbia and Macedonia [47,48]. Similar results for D. immitis have been obtained from highly endemic areas in Hungary, with 3.7% in foxes and 7.4% prevalence in golden jackals (Canis aureus).…”

Section: Canine and Feline Dirofi Lariosissupporting

confidence: 62%

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Leschnik

2020

Acta Veterinaria

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AbstractVector-borne diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in small animals in Europe. Many of these diseases are well-known among veterinary practitioners and some of them are called emerging diseases as prevalence, temporal and spatial distribution seem to increase in Europe. The number of newly recognized pathogens, transmitted by a variety of arthropod vectors, that are relevant for dogs and cats, is also increasing every year. The prevalence among infected vectors and hosts is a hot topic in veterinary science throughout the entire continent, as well as the development of efficient diagnostic procedures, therapy and prophylactic measures. Companion animal vector-borne diseases comprise a large group of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminths. These pathogens are mainly transmitted by bloodsucking arthropods (ticks, fleas, mosquitos, sand flies), and more seldom by direct transmission between vertebrate hosts. Vector prevalence and activity is influenced by local climate conditions, host species density, changes in landscape and land use. Human parameters such as poverty and migration affect the use of prophylactic measures against pathogen transmission and infection as well as increasing the zoonotic risk to introducing pathogens by infected humans. Small animal associated factors such as pet trade and pet travel spread infection and certain vectors such as ticks and fleas. All these factors pose several complex and significant challenges for veterinarians in clinical practice to decide on efficient laboratory work-up and constructive diagnostic procedures.

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Section: Canine and Feline Dirofi Lariosissupporting

confidence: 62%

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Leschnik

2020

Acta Veterinaria

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“…In the previously confirmed enzootic focus of vulpine angiostrongylosis, in South Banat (Gavrilović et al, ), the golden jackal, as hypothesized, assumed the role of the definitive host. In the Braničevo epizootiological area, located near the opposite bank of the Danube, angiostrongylosis was not revealed in jackals, which corresponds to the previously reported negative findings in foxes (Gavrilović et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The reproduction of A. vasorum in this wild canid species has been confirmed in a single animal in neighbouring Serbia (Gavrilović et al, ). This was an important reason for choosing the target area, aside from being a confirmed focus of vulpine angiostrongylosis (Gavrilović et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are golden jackals (Canis aureus) definitive hosts forAngiostrongylus vasorum?

Gavrilović¹,

Marinković

Vidanović³

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging disease in Europe. Recent reports have shown that, besides the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) recognized as the main definitive host and reservoir for the parasite, the role of the definitive host can be taken by a range of mammals. We considered that, due to the rapid large‐scale expansion of its populations in Europe, the golden jackal (Canis aureus) could assume an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. The aim of the investigations was to explore the role of the golden jackal as the definitive host for A. vasorum. Sixty‐three golden jackals, legally hunted in lowlands around the Danube River in Serbia recognized as the core area of the species' distribution in Europe, were subjected to patho‐morphological and parasitological examination. The adult forms of A. vasorum were detected in the pulmonary arteries in six golden jackals with gross lesions manifested in the lungs. The finding of first stage larvae (L1) of A. vasorum in microscopic smears of the lung tissue altered by infection, which was consistent with the presence of adult parasites and manifestation of gross lesions in the lungs, confirms the successful reproduction of the parasite in the golden jackal. Migration of L1 from the blood vessels to the airways was confirmed by histopathology and, subsequently, their shedding was demonstrated by the Baermann method. The results support the hypothesis that the golden jackal acts as a suitable definitive host for A. vasorum. As a definitive host with a large‐scale expansion of its populations in Europe, the golden jackal may be an important part of the parasite's host repertoire by spreading the parasite into previously non‐endemic areas and by being an additional definitive host in endemic areas of vulpine angiostrongylosis.

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“…Since then, many surveys have been reported on different subjects such as prevalence, seroprevalence, diagnostic procedures, therapy and molecular characterization of D. immitis, as well as reports of clinical cases of HWD in naturally infected dogs (Spasojević Kosić et al, 2020;2018;2016a;2016b;2014a;2014b;2014c;2012a;Potkonjak et al, 2020;Krstić et al, 2017;Pavlović et al 2014;2012;Savić et al, 2014;2012;Gabrielli et al, 2012;Pajković et al, O n L i n e F i r s t 2010; Tasić et al 2008). D. immitis was reported not only in dogs, but in wild animals and mosquitoes in Serbia as well, so a number of animal species serve as reservoirs for the parasite in our country (Gavrilović et al, 2019;Kurucz et al, 2016;Gavrilović et al, 2015;Penezić et al, 2014), which highlights the necessity for both monitoring and controlling the disease's transmission by vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dog heartworm disease is here to stay: The most important aspects of clinical relevance

Spasojevic-Kosic

Lalošević

2020

VET GLASNIK

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Background. Heartworm disease (HWD) is a clinically important parasitic disease of the cardiovascular system in dogs, and is caused by Dirofilaria immitis (D. immitis), which resides in pulmonary arteries. Infected domestic and wild canids as hosts, and mosquitoes as intermediate hosts, are the main reservoirs of D. immitis. Because D. immitis does not reach complete development in humans, HWD is considered to be a disease with zoonotic potential. In addition to its veterinary relevance and zoonotic potential, the disease is distributed worldwide, and thus, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to control this disease on the global level. Scope and Approach. The life cycle of D. immitis explains the pathogenesis and clinical signs of HWD in dogs, and determines its diagnosis, therapy and prophylactic measures. In this review, the most important aspects of HWD in canine patients are emphasized: establishment of correct diagnosis of the disease, proper diagnostic procedures for monitoring the clinical condition of an infected dog, different therapeutic protocols and how efficient they are and finally, recommendations for adequate prophylactic measures. Key Findings and Conclusions. Dogs with and without clinical signs of HWD should be tested for both microfilariae and adults of D. immitis at appropriate times. If positive for heartworm, the pathological changes in relevant organs, mainly lungs and heart, should be assessed in the dog. Their extent and severity determine therapeutic protocol. For dogs cured from HWD and non-infected ones, adequate preventive measures should be applied.

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Cardiopulmonary parasitic nematodes of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in Serbia

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Focus on Common Small Animal Vector-Borne Diseases in Central and Southeastern Europe

Are golden jackals (Canis aureus) definitive hosts forAngiostrongylus vasorum?

Dog heartworm disease is here to stay: The most important aspects of clinical relevance

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