Cardiopulmonary function in horses during anesthetic recovery in a hydropool

Abstract

Differences in pulmonary and cardiovascular function between horses during recovery from anesthesia while immersed in water and in a padded recovery stall were attributed to the increased effort needed to overcome the extrathoracic hydrostatic effects of immersion. The combined effect of increased extrathoracic pressure and PAP may contribute to an increased incidence of pulmonary edema in horses during anesthetic recovery in a hydropool.

Oxygenation and plasma endothelin‐1 concentrations in healthy horses recovering from isoflurane anaesthesia administered with or without pulse‐delivered inhaled nitric oxide

“…By analyzing each of these components, the cause of the extremely low SvO 2 in the C horses and the gradual decline of SvO 2 in the NO horses can be determined. First, due to the waning effects of inhalant gases and the beginning of spontaneous movement, we would expect the cardiac output to increase, not decrease, during recovery from anaesthesia (Richter et al. 2001).…”

Use of the Anderson Sling Suspension System for Recovery of Horses from General Anesthesia

“…Retrospective studies evaluating both the pool‐raft and hydropool recovery systems have been favorable 11,12 . The most substantial complication reported with hydropool recoveries was pulmonary edema, 12,13 which has been identified as a direct consequence of water flotation 14 . Severe pulmonary edema occurred in 5% (3/60) of horses recovered in a hydropool and a further 7 horses (12%) required treatment for mild pulmonary edema 12 .…”

Changes in heart rate variability in horses during immersion in warm springwater

“…Richter et al 14 reported that the cardiac output and HR did not change significantly during hydropool recovery, compared with the changes observed during stall recovery from general anesthesia, although they also pointed out the limitations of the equipment used. The height of the water in the recovery pool used in their study was 4 to 6 cm over the withers.…”