Cardioprotective Effect of Inm 176 on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Using Rat Heart Model

Abstract

Objective: Cardioprotective effect of INM-176 in ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat heart was evaluated by measuring the extent of release of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) and by measuring the myocardial infarction (MI) size.Methods: Five groups of animals were employed. Animals were sacrificed, and heart was mounted over the Langendorff's apparatus. Group I was employed as control group, Group II was the myocardial ischemic (MI) group, and Group III, IV, and V were pre-treated with different doses of INM-176 (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg). After this, global ischemia accompanied by reperfusion for 30 and 120 minutes was given, respectively. The effluent was collected from coronary vessel before the initiation of ischemia, immediately, after 5 and 30 minutes of reperfusion. The magnitude of myocardial injury was measured by LDH and CK release in coronary effluent. MI size was also evaluated macroscopically using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Results:In the present study, INM-176 was found to produce a dose-dependent cardioprotective effect against I/R injury, as observed by a decrease in the level of LDH, CK, and infarct size. Pre-treatment with a dose of 600 mg/kg was found to be more effective as compared to 150 and 300 mg/kg dose of INM-176. Conclusion:INM-176 pre-treatment at a dose of 600 mg/kg provides cardioprotection against I/R-induced myocardial injury.

Composition of Whole Grains Dietary Fibres and Phenolic; and Its Impact on Markers of Inflammation; Role of Gut Microbiota

“…Other than that's, methoxy and carboxy groups have a significant impact on phenolic acid antioxidant capability. Which have an important role in the prevention of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, both of which are neurological illnesses, including vascular dementia and cerebrovascular insufficiency syndromes [119][120][121], as well as antidiabetic, anticancer, cardio-protective, and anti-inflammation agents [122] Table 5. Anti-mutagenic, Andti-arcinogenic activity [100] Sinapic acid Anti-oxidative , Anti-inflammation, Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetes, Anti-neurodegeneration, Anti-anxiety [104][105][106][107][108][109] p-Hydroxybenzoic acid Anti-thrombotic and Anti-coagulant [114,115] Gallic acid Anti-cancer HCV inhibition Anti-bacterial [116][117][118] Vanillic acid Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's Disease.…”

“…[ [119][120][121] Syringic acid Antidiabetic, Anticancer, Cardioprotective, Anti-inflimation [122] Table 5 summarizes the grains phenolic acids and health potentials, with regard to p-Hydroxybenzoic acid intake, there is a large body of epidemiological evidence on its protective effects against a variety of chronic ailments such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and bacterial disorders, as well as lowering diabetes, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the anti-platelet aggregation and antithrombotic activities of protocatechuic acid, isovanillic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which act as antithrombotic and anticoagulant, but no studies have been conducted on the effect of these compounds on blood cell viability and their inhibitory effects on fibrin clot formation, enzymatic activities of procoagulant proteases or fibrinoligases, and plasma recalcification.…”

Composition of Whole Grain Dietary Fiber and Phenolics and Their Impact on Markers of Inflammation

“…In addition, methoxy and carboxy groups have a significant impact on phenolic acids' antioxidant capabilities. They have an important role in the prevention of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, both of which are neurological illnesses, as well as vascular dementia and cerebrovascular insufficiency syndromes [135][136][137]. They also have antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties [138]; see Table 5.…”

“…Anticancer, HCV inhibition, antibacterial [132][133][134] Vanillic acid Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, neurological disorders, vascular dementia, anti-inflammatory, and cerebrovascular insufficiency states [135][136][137] Syringic acid Antidiabetic, anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory [138] Table 6 summarizes the phenolic acids found in grains and their health potential. With regard to p-hydroxybenzoic acid intake, several epidemiological studies support its protective effects against bacterial disorders, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.…”