Cardiometabolic traits mediating the effect of education on the risk of DKD and CKD: a Mendelian randomization study
Yukai Wang,
Mengmeng Chen,
Lin Wang
et al.
Abstract:BackgroundBoth diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prevalent among individuals with lower levels of education in observational studies. To quantify the mediation effect of recognized cardiometabolic traits, we obtain causal estimates between education and DKD as well as CKD.Materials and methodsWe assessed the causal effect of education on DKD and CKD, separately estimated the causal effect of 26 cardiometabolic traits on DKD and CKD, and finally calculated the mediating eff… Show more
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