Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Related to Vitamin D and Adiponectin in Obese Children and Adolescents

Abstract

Obesity-related diseases are becoming the most important causes of mortality worldwide. Several studies have suggested an association between low levels of vitamin D and obesity. In addition, plasma adiponectin levels have been found to be lower in obese subjects. We evaluated the association of metabolic risk factors with both adiponectin and vitamin D levels and that between adiponectin and vitamin D levels. The study consisted of 114 obese and healthy subjects. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were positively correlated with adiponectin and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (T-C), triglyceride (TG), fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA index), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The mean 25(OH)D levels in the obese and nonobese groups were 22.5 ± 5.7 and 32.3 ± 5.8 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.0001). The mean adiponectin level in the obese group was lower than that in the nonobese group (P < 0.0001). Lower vitamin D and adiponectin levels were strongly associated with metabolic risk factors and obesity in Turkish children and adolescents.

25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, Adiponectin Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Sample of Obese Children

“…This result has been found to be similar to Kardas and his colleagues, [11] in Turkey. Abu Shady et al, [24], also found inverse association of serum 25(OH) D with BMI among 215 Egyptian school children, but with insignificant relation with age and sex.…”

“…This result agreed with Walker et al, [6] in Italy. In contrast, some recent studies have suggested that 25(OH)D may play a role in the regulation of adiponectin [11,15]. Adiponectin was identified and confirmed to be significantly decreased in 25(OH)D deficient obese pediatric [16].…”

“…On the other hand, Dolinsky et al, [25], found insignificant association between 25(OH)D level and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL or HDL. While Kardas and his colleagues, [11] found that 25(OH) D levels were positively correlated with HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In theory, 25(OH) D could affect lipid profile directly as it is essential for maintaining adequate levels of apolipoprotein.…”

“…Recent studies suggested association of obesity with cardiovascular diseases and both 25 hydroxy vitamin D and adiponectin levels in children and adolescents [11]. Obesity is usually correlated with the higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis or the lower circulating 25(OH) D level in both pediatric as well as adult populations [15].…”

“…Kardas and his colleagues [11], suggested that the interaction between vitamin D and adiponectin levels may be an indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors such as atherosclerosis. Studies regarding the association between vitamin D and adiponectin levels with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese and healthy children are few.…”