Cardiometabolic risk factors in children born with marginally low birth weight: A longitudinal cohort study up to 7 years-of-age

Starnberg, Josefine; Norman, Mikael; Westrup, Björn; Domellöf, Magnus; Berglund, Staffan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215866

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In categories of birth weight, higher levels of apoB were associated with lower birth weight [16]. On the other hand, Starnberg et al, in their study among Swedish children of 7 years of age, did not show any significant association between low birth weight and apoB or apoA1 levels [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…This could be interpreted that adults born with lower birth weight relative to gestational age may have higher apoB and lower apoA1 levels in adulthood, a documented risk pattern for CVD in the Swedish population [5]. This study is one of the few that explored such associations [15][16][17], and the largest so far. Barker et al also reported higher apoB levels in children born with low birth weight [16] and highlighted that impaired growth of the liver in late gestation leads to permanent changes in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Associations between birth weight and adult apolipoproteins: The LifeGene cohort

Sharma,

Bennet,

Laucyte-Cibulskiene

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Early life factors may predict cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the pathways are still unclear. There is emerging evidence of an association of early life factors with apolipoproteins, which are linked to CVD. The study objective was to assess the associations between birth variables and adult apolipoproteins (apoA1 and apoB, and their ratio) in a population-based cohort. Methods The LifeGene Study is a prospective cohort comprising index participants randomly sampled from the general population. Blood samples were collected between 2009 and 2016. In this sub-study, we used birth variables, obtained from a national registry for all participants born 1973 or later, including birth weight and gestational age, while adult CVD risk factors included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), lipids, and smoking history. We employed univariate and multivariate general linear regression to explore associations between birth variables, lipid levels and other adult CVD risk factors. The outcomes included non-fasting apoA1 and apoB and their ratio, as well as total cholesterol and triglycerides. A total of 10,093 participants with both birth information and lipoprotein levels at screening were included. Of these, nearly 42.5% were men (n = 4292) and 57.5% were women (n = 5801). Results The mean (standard deviation) age of men was 30.2 (5.7) years, and for women 28.9 (5.8) years. There was an increase of 0.022 g/L in apoA1 levels per 1 kg increase in birth weight (p = 0.005) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, gestational age, and smoking history. Similarly, there was a decrease of 0.023 g/L in apoB levels per 1 kg increase in birth weight (p<0.001) after adjusting for the same variables. There were inverse associations of birth weight with the apoB/apoA1 ratio. No independent association was found with total cholesterol, but with triglyceride levels (ẞ-coefficient (95% Confidence Interval); -0.067 (-0.114, -0.021); p-value 0.005). Conclusions Lower birth weight was associated with an adverse adult apolipoprotein pattern, i.e., a higher apoB/apoA1 ratio, indicating increased risk of future CVD manifestations. The study highlights the need of preconception care and pregnancy interventions that aim at improving maternal and child outcomes with long-term impacts for prevention of cardiovascular disease by influencing lipid levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Associations between birth weight and adult apolipoproteins: The LifeGene cohort

Sharma,

Bennet,

Laucyte-Cibulskiene

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…They proved that the SGA group demonstrated a significantly higher level of the mean fasting glucose than the control group. But there were no considerable differences in insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), blood lipid levels between SGA and AGA groups [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…A positive correlation between elevated levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in adults born as SGA and a small abdominal circumference observed in the newborn after birth was also revealed [22]. There are relatively few reports referring to research on lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood serum of SGA children [21,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Although their results vary depending on the studied population, it is worth emphasizing that the assessment of the lipid profile in SGA children is recommended in certain regions [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Zamojska,

Niewiadomska-Jarosik,

Kierzkowska

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Lipid disorders are one of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to determine the lipid profile in early childhood in the group of Polish children born small for gestational age (SGA). Materials and Methods: The study included 140 children (93 SGA and 47 controls) aged 5 to 11 years. All children underwent a physical examination and blood tests for the glucose and lipid profile. SGA group was divided in subgroups: symmetrical and asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Results: Blood sample analysis revealed higher levels of total cholesterol levels (SGA group 190.61 +/- 24.66 mg/dl vs control 143.23 +/- 23.90; p&lt;0.001). The analysis of particular fractions of cholesterol showed significantly higher mean values of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol as well as lower mean values of HDL-cholesterol in children born as SGA. Children in both groups did not differ significantly according to weight and body mass index. A statistically significantly higher glucose concentration was obtained in the group of children with IUGR with symmetrical type of IUGR. Conclusions: Children born SGA even in their early childhood, without overweight or obesity, have abnormal lipid profile, which may be a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood.

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“…The prevalence of LBW is also a predictor of future health outcomes as these infants are at higher risk for various health issues, including developmental delays, chronic diseases, and cognitive deficits (Moura‐Dos‐Santos et al, 2013; Souza et al, 2022; Whitman et al, 2022). The ripple effects of LBW are felt not only in terms of increased healthcare expenditure but also through the potential diminishment of human capital and productivity (Starnberg et al, 2019; Tchamo et al, 2016; Venero‐Fernández et al, 2017). Thus, examining and addressing the prevalence of LBW and its risk factors becomes essential for not only safeguarding the health of infants but also promoting the well‐being and prosperity of society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight in the United States: An analysis of 2016–2021 data

Zheng,

Cao,

Strasser

et al. 2023

American J Hum Biol

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BackgroundLow birthweight (LBW), infants weighing less than 2,500 g, is a global health concern associated with high infant morbidity and mortality rates. This study investigates LBW prevalence and its relation to maternal sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors factors in the United States (US).MethodsThis analysis used the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data from 2016 to 2021, including n = 225,443 children aged 0–17 years. 18,131 had LBW (<2,500 g), and 2810 had very LBW (VLBW) (<1,500 g). Logistic regression calculated odds ratios (OR) using LBW as the dependent variable, adjusting for various factors.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2021 in the United States, LBW prevalence averaged 9.31%, with VLBW at 1.50%. Mothers aged 18–35, White, had the lowest LBW (7.63%) and VLBW (1.17%) rates. Mothers aged ≤18 years, black, had the highest LBW (15.45%) and VLBW infants (4.70%). Maternal age emerged as a significant LBW factor, with an OR of 1.27 for ≤18 and 1.19 for >35. Children in poor health had the highest OR (2.87). Race/ethnicity and other disparities were observed.ConclusionOur study highlights LBW risk among non‐White mothers with specific criteria, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of intersectional targets for change that are exacerbating LBW disparities among marginalized populations which may be artificially attributed to biologic determinants and individual‐level risk factors. In‐depth analysis of repressive structures at the root of inequalities demand continued research on macro levels of influence. Customized healthcare reform holds the greatest potential to disrupt the patterns contributing to poor health outcomes among LBW children, and will ultimately maximize the reach and effectiveness of health promotion strategies and clinical practices aimed to improve universal maternal and infant health.

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Cardiometabolic risk factors in children born with marginally low birth weight: A longitudinal cohort study up to 7 years-of-age

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Associations between birth weight and adult apolipoproteins: The LifeGene cohort

Associations between birth weight and adult apolipoproteins: The LifeGene cohort

Lipid Profile in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

Prevalence and risk factors of low birth weight in the United States: An analysis of 2016–2021 data

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