Cardiometabolic Changes and Disparities Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A 17-Year Cohort Study

Szlachcic, Yaga; Adkins, Rodney H.; Govindarajan, Sugantha; Cao, Yue; Krause, James S.

doi:10.1310/sci2002-96

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This rapid loss of mobility, extreme muscle atrophy, and type IIx fiber shift leads to metabolic abnormalities and increased risk for development of cardiovascular diseases at an earlier age in individuals with SCI compared to able bodied counterparts (Szlachcic et al 2014). Furthermore, impairments in glucose tolerance and lower GLUT4 protein content have also been shown in individuals with SCI compared with untrained able bodied controls (Yarar-Fisher et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of human skeletal muscle fiber type and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and vascular hemodynamics in a cohort of premenopausal women

et al. 2017

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Purpose Cardiometabolic disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed nations. Consequently, identifying and understanding factors associated with underlying pathophysiological processes leading to chronic cardio metabolic conditions is critical. Metabolic health, arterial elasticity, and insulin sensitivity (SI) may impact disease risk, and may be determined in part by myofiber type. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that type I myofiber composition would be associated with high SI, greater arterial elasticity, lower blood pressure, and blood lipids; whereas, type IIx myofibers would be associated with lower SI, lower arterial elasticity, higher blood pressure, blood lipids. Methods Muscle biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis in 16 subjects (BMI = 27.62 ± 4.71 kg/m2, age = 32.24 ± 6.37 years, 43% African American). The distribution of type I, IIa, and IIx myofibers was determined via immunohistochemistry performed on frozen cross-sections. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to assess associations between myofiber composition, SI, arterial elasticity, blood pressure, and blood lipid concentrations. Results The percentage of type I myofibers positively correlated with SI and negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP); whereas, the percentage of type IIx myofibers were negatively correlated with SI and large artery elasticity, and positively correlated with LDL cholesterol, SBP, and MAP. Conclusions These data demonstrate a potential link between myofiber composition and cardiometabolic health outcomes in a cohort of premenopausal women. Future research is needed to determine the precise mechanisms in which myofiber composition impacts the pathophysiology of impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as vascular dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of human skeletal muscle fiber type and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and vascular hemodynamics in a cohort of premenopausal women

et al. 2017

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“…Yet, studies focusing on clinical CVD outcomes were mostly conducted in males [35,36]. In a cohort with a 17-year follow-up, women had a greater rising incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome at follow-up in comparison to men, however this difference was not statistically significant (only 26 women were included) [37]. Authors often suggested that, similar to Fig.…”

Section: Gender Reporting Gap In Spinal Cord Injury Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender gap in spinal cord injury research: Focus on cardiometabolic diseases. A mini review

2021

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Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in people with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Despite well-acknowledged sex and gender differences in CMD in the general population, they remain insufficiently studied in persons with SCI. To describe the landscape of sex and gender in SCI research, we searched the literature for systematic reviews on cardiometabolic health in this population. Out of 15 systematic reviews identified, only 9 provided meaningful information on sex. Although one-quarter to one-fifth of the SCI population is female, women comprised only one-eighth to a quarter of study participants. A number of clinical studies purposively excluded women, to make the study population more homogenous. For those studies which included both sexes, in general, no sex-specific analyses were performed due to small sample sizes. All these reasons have contributed to the underrepresentation of females in the current body of evidence. Therefore, future studies should adopt a more sex-and gender-sensitive research framework to address cardiometabolic risk in SCI. Novel and advanced epidemiological methods should also be used, considering small sample sizes. Finally, collaborative research (through consortia and multi-center studies) should be encouraged to include more females. More inclusive research will ensure that everyone will benefit from scientific advancements, regardless of sex and gender.

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“…Hitzig et al 6 examined premature aging in bodily systems in those with SCI and reported evidence of premature aging in the musculoskeletal and respiratory systems as suggested by a systemic review of longitudinal literature. A 17-year longitudinal study 7 identified a significant increase in the frequency of cardiometabolic syndrome over time, with Hispanics having significantly higher frequency. Other longitudinal examinations have suggested improvement in self-reported constipation, bladder stones, rectal bleeding and urinary tract infections over time following SCI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The natural course of spinal cord injury: changes over 40 years among those with exceptional survival

et al. 2016

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Cardiometabolic Changes and Disparities Among Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: A 17-Year Cohort Study

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Associations of human skeletal muscle fiber type and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and vascular hemodynamics in a cohort of premenopausal women

Associations of human skeletal muscle fiber type and insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and vascular hemodynamics in a cohort of premenopausal women

Sex and gender gap in spinal cord injury research: Focus on cardiometabolic diseases. A mini review

The natural course of spinal cord injury: changes over 40 years among those with exceptional survival

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