Cardiometabolic Alterations in the Interplay of COVID-19 and Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Future Avenues

Rizvi, Ali A.; Rizzo, Manfredi

doi:10.3390/ijms222212311

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In a word, a more personalized but comprehensive approach is needed instead of a “one-size-fits-all” intervention, different aspects of the diagnosis and therapy of dyslipidemia deserve to be mentioned in the era of contemporary medicine [ 25 ]. In the current world, with the COVID-19 pandemic, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are related to an increased risk for severe forms of COVID-19 and resulting death, there is a direct effect of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system and metabolic homeostasis, new markers reflecting the prognosis of cardiovascular disease need to be further explored [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Metabolic Markers for Differential Evaluation of Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Huang

Yang

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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The cholesterol metabolism in humans can be indirectly reflected by measuring cholesterol metabolism marker levels. We aimed to investigate the association of cholesterol homeostasis markers on standard lipid profiling components in familial hypercholesteremia and hyperlipidemia patients. A total of 69 hyperlipidemia patients, 25 familial hypercholesteremia (FHC) patients, and 64 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We performed routine testing of blood lipid water. Gas chromatography was used to determine the changes in the concentration of cholesterol synthesis (squalene, desmosterol, and lathosterol) and absorption markers (campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol) in the blood. Baseline hyperlipidemia patients displayed significantly higher total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in comparison to the control group, which was reflected in the increased levels of squalene, desmosterol, campesterol, and sitosterol observed ( P < 0.05 ) in the hyperlipidemia patients. The desmosterol, lathosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol were statistically different in the FHC group than the hyperlipidemic group ( P < 0.05 ). The proportions of squalene/cholesterol, lathosterol/cholesterol, stigmasterol/cholesterol, and sitosterol/cholesterol in the FHC group were lower than those in the hyperlipidemic group; only desmosterol/cholesterol was higher than that in the hyperlipidemic group. Correlation studies between lipid metabolic factors showed that the proportion of moderate and strong correlations was much higher in the FHC group than in the other two groups (76.92% vs. 32.50% and 31.25%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the concentrations of glucose, LDL-C, lactosterol, and sitosterol were all independent risk factors for developing hyperlipidemia. This result was further confirmed by the ROC curve. These results indicated that the study of cholesterol synthesis and decomposition markers can serve as a reference index for related diseases caused by changes in its concentration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholesterol Metabolic Markers for Differential Evaluation of Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Huang

Yang

et al. 2022

Disease Markers

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“…Similarly, as suggested by the American College of Cardiology Foundation, COVID-19 showed epidemiological and mechanistic relationships with cardiometabolic links [ 105 , 106 ] such as abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia [ 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 ], dyslipidemia, and hypertension [ 112 ]. In fact, COVID-19 caused an inflammatory response that might affect the cardiometabolic status.…”

Section: Cardiometabolic Connections In the Perio-covid-19 Axismentioning

confidence: 94%

Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

et al. 2022

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Periodontitis is a microbially driven, host-mediated disease that leads to loss of periodontal attachment and resorption of bone. It is associated with the elevation of systemic inflammatory markers and with the presence of systemic comorbidities. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the majority of patients have mild symptoms, others experience important complications that can lead to death. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, several investigations demonstrating the possible relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19 have been reported. In addition, both periodontal disease and COVID-19 seem to provoke and/or impair several cardiometabolic complications such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and neurological and neuropsychiatric complications. Therefore, due to the increasing number of investigations focusing on the periodontitis-COVID-19 relationship and considering the severe complications that such an association might cause, this review aims to summarize all existing emerging evidence regarding the link between the periodontitis-COVID-19 axis and consequent cardiometabolic impairments.

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“…It has been reported that endothelial dysfunction is very closely associated with COVID-19, and that this profound alteration may led to impaired organ perfusion and generating a number of acute events such as renal failure, myocardial injury, and procoagulant state, thus resulting in thromboembolic events [ 31 ]. Some authors have highlighted the pro-thrombotic potential of monocytes, and consequently the link with the prothrombotic state associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 32 , 33 ]; indeed, the involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in patients with cardiometabolic diseases has been extensively investigated [ 34 ].…”

Section: Factors Related To Obesity That Predispose For Developing Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact

Kapoor

Kalra²,

Mahmeed³

et al. 2022

Diabetes Ther

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has been shown to disrupt many organ systems in the human body. Though several medical disorders have been affected by this infection, a few illnesses in addition may also play a role in determining the outcome of COVID-19. Obesity is one such disease which is not only affected by the occurrence of COVID-19 but can also result in a worse clinical outcome of COVID-19 infection. This manuscript summarizes the most recent evidence supporting the bidirectional impact of COVID-19 and obesity. It highlights how the presence of obesity can be detrimental to the outcome of COVID-19 in a given patient because of the mechanical limitations in lung compliance and also by the activation of several thrombo-inflammatory pathways. The sociodemographic changes brought about by the pandemic in turn have facilitated the already increasing prevalence of obesity. This manuscript highlights the importance of recognizing these pathways which may further help in policy changes that facilitate appropriate measures to prevent the further worsening of these two pandemics.

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Cardiometabolic Alterations in the Interplay of COVID-19 and Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Future Avenues

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic has raged for almost two years, with few signs of a sustained abatement or remission [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Cholesterol Metabolic Markers for Differential Evaluation of Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Cholesterol Metabolic Markers for Differential Evaluation of Patients with Hyperlipidemia and Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Associations between Periodontitis, COVID-19, and Cardiometabolic Complications: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence

The Dual Pandemics of COVID-19 and Obesity: Bidirectional Impact

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