Cardiolipin metabolism in growing and sporulating Bacillus subtilis

Development of membrane lipids in the surfactin producer Bacillus subtilis

“…The gradual replacement of PG and PE by CL suggests the preferential synthesis of this "stress phospholipid" via enzymic conversion of its precursor PG (Rigomier et al 1978;Petersohn et al 2001). Accumulation of CL with the concomitant decrease in the PE proportion that leads to increased cell-membrane rigidity also in Pseudomonas putida cells treated by solvents (Ramos et al 1997) can explain the continuously growing membrane rigidity in our B. subtilis that is exposed to nutrient limitation and surfactin production.…”

De novo fatty acid synthesis is required for establishment of cell type‐specific gene transcription during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

“…The particular phospholipid composition of the mother cell could be essential for the activation of the protease domain to cleave pro-E into mature E . In this regard, it is important to mention that phospholipids in growing and sporulating cells of B. subtilis can vary qualitatively and quantitatively and are greatly affected by spo mutations (Rigomier et al, 1974;Rigomier et al, 1978). It has also been demonstrated that membranes of B. megaterium show extremely fast lipid translocation, presumably mediated by specific translocases (Rothman and Kennedy, 1977).…”

Affinity of phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthetase for the liponucleotides in Bacillus subtilis

“…Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), the most abundant phosphohpid in Bacillus subtilis [1] whatever the growth conditions used, is synthesized according to the Kanfer and Kennedy pathway [2,3]:…”

“…An important turnover of this lipid is known to occur [1] and is implicated as glycerol-1-phosphate donor in the biosynthesis of lipoteichoic and teichoic acids [4]. The physiological function of an important conversion: (iii) 2 phosphatidylglycerol ~ glycerol + diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG) is mostly unknown [5].…”