Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure on admission: Incidence, risk factors, and outcome

Ten‐Year (2001–2011) Trends in the Incidence Rates and Short‐Term Outcomes of Early Versus Late Onset Cardiogenic Shock After Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…These findings are consistent with the results from previous studies9, 13, 14, 15 On the other hand, patients who had a history of previously diagnosed stroke were less likely to have developed prehospital and early CS. In the GRACE study, the frequency of having a previous stroke was higher in patients who developed in‐hospital CS than in patients who did not develop CS15 whereas results from the SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) study found that a history of stroke was an independent predictor for the development of in‐hospital CS 12…”

“…In the MILIS (Multicenter Investigation of the Limitation of Infarct Size) study, which included nearly 850 patients with AMI in the 1980s, the incidence of in‐hospital CS was 7.1%, and one half of these patients developed shock ≥24 hours after hospital admission 13. Similarly, in a study of ≈6000 patients hospitalized with AMI in 13 coronary care units in Israel between 1981 and 1983, 2.6% of patients developed CS during their hospitalization and two thirds of these patients developed this complication ≥24 hours after hospital admission 12. Of note, these studies included a single study time point and data from more‐distant years.…”

Temporal Trends in Cardiogenic Shock Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…1,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Population-based estimates of changes D over time in the incidence of cardiogenic shock remain limited 11 ; the majority of data about either the incidence of cardiogenic shock or the prognosis associated with this complication have been derived from single hospitals and specialty referral centers or in the context of post hoc analyses of randomized trials. Because there is no definitive treatment to reestablish blood flow in the infarct-related coronary artery, the in-hospital death rate associated with cardiogenic shock exceeds 65 percent 4,10,[12][13][14][15] ; from the mid-1970s through the late 1980s, there was little change in the mortality rate associated with this clinical syndrome. 11 A growing trend has been to use more aggressive therapeutic interventions early in patients who have cardiogenic shock as a result of acute myocardial infarction.…”

Clinical and pathological assessment of 82 patients with cardiovascular diseases undergoing autopsy at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu from 1988 to 1993

“…Leor et al 9 reported that 2.6% of the patients hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction developed cardioge- Source: Medical reports of the HC-FMB -SAME. Source: Medical reports of the HC-FMB -SAME.…”