Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Critical Care

Abstract

The pathobiology and classification of pulmonary edoema are more complex than the previous dichotomy of hydrostatic vs. permeability. The mechanisms of alveolar fluid clearance and the factors that influence the clearance rate are being studied thoroughly in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Patients require early oxygenation and ventilation stabilization, preferably with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen or noninvasive ventilation, while the diagnostic cause is quickly sought with echocardiography and other testing. Treatments must begin as soon as possible while evaluation continues and requires multimodal intervention. Diuretics, possibly morphine, and frequently nitrates, are used to treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This review summarizes current knowledge of the pathophysiology, causes, and treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.