Cardio-Vascular System

Hamilton, W. J.; Mossman, Harland W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-349-02796-5_10

Cited by 24 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The primitive sinus venosus receives bilaterally both the vitelline and umbilical veins, together with the common cardinal vein. It is incorporated into the primitive atrium to form a single chamber at about 25 days of gestational age (Boyd, 1965;Hamilton and Mossman, 1972). This common chamber then expands ventrally (anteriorly) and transversely, so that in normal development, the atrium is well seen on either side of the bulbus cordis, by which it is indented.…”

Section: Embryological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In normal development the atrioventricular canal gains direct access to the bulbus cordis by a lateral expansion, and the primitive atrioventricular canal is divided into the left and right atrioventricular canals (the future atrioventricular valve orifices) by the endocardial cushions (Boyd, 1965;Los, 1968;Hamilton and Mossman, 1972;Anderson and Ashley, 1974). The immediate cause of the lateral expansion of the atrioventricular canal is a controversial topic but there is general agreement that the process is bound up with the expansion of the elements which will contribute to the definitive right ventricle.…”

Section: Embryological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Left juxtaposition of the auricles with l-position of the aorta. Report of 6 cases.

Allwork¹,

Urban²,

Anderson³

1977

Heart

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Six hearts are described in whichjuxtaposition of the auricles to the left of thegreat arteries (leftjuxtaposition) was associated with I-position of the aorta. Atrial anatomy was abnormal but constant; the os of the right auricle occupied the expected site of the atrial septum, producing posterior and inferior displacement of this structure. This is of importance since the os could be mistaken for a defect of the atrial septum, while the displacement of actual defects is of significance to any intended catheterisation procedure including atrial septostomy. Five of the hearts showed atrioventricular concordance while the other specimen was an example of pritmtive ventricle with a right-sided outlet chamber. The ventriculoarterial connection in this latter case was normal, with 1-malposition (anatomically corrected malposition). Ventriculoarterial connections in the other hearts were transposition in 3, single aortic trunk with pulmonary atresia in 1, and an intermediate between double outlet right ventricle and transposition in the other. These cases confirm the observation that iuxtaposition of the auricles is associated with severe cyanotic congenital heart disease.

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Section: Embryological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Embryological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left juxtaposition of the auricles with l-position of the aorta. Report of 6 cases.

Allwork¹,

Urban²,

Anderson³

1977

Heart

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“…In comparison, in Fig. 222 of the textbook of Hamilton et al (1972), the first intersegmental artery is situated between the first and second aortic arches and the seventh intersegmental artery is situated opposite to the sixth aortic arch, fairly cranial to the point of junction of the right and left dorsal aortae. Tandler (1902) reported that the first (inter)segmental artery was situated at the same level as the sixth aortic arch in a 5.5-mm human embryo, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…On the other hand, Padget (1954) numbered the artery accompanying the second cervical nerve (CN2) as the first cervical intersegmental artery (CIsA1) and described that the sixth cervical intersegmental artery (CIsA6) became the stem of the Sb. Co Costa, CS cervical segment, CV cervical vertebra, HpN hypoglossal nerve, LB limb bud, OcB occipital bone, Prat proatlantal intersegmental artery, TN thoracic nerve, TP transverse process, TV thoracic vertebra designation has recently been changed to ''intersegmental'' (Patten 1953;Padget 1954;Arey 1965;Hamilton et al 1972;Larsen 1997). Here, we adopt the intersegmental artery view and will proceed to discuss it as such.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A schematic diagram showing the various components of the embryonic aortic arch complex in the retroesophageal right subclavian artery

et al. 2011

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A retroesophageal right subclavian artery, arising from the arch of the aorta as the terminal branch and passing dorsal to the esophagus, was found in five (1.2%) of 428 bodies donated for student dissection at Kumamoto University between 1993 and 2008. The presence of a retroesophageal right subclavian artery has been generally explained to be caused by the persistence of the normally eliminated part of the right dorsal aorta caudal to the seventh intersegmental artery and the disappearance of the normally patent right fourth aortic arch and the part of the right dorsal aorta cranial to the seventh intersegmental artery during the developmental process. However, the parts which remain or disappear are different in each case. With the aim of determining the portions eliminated or persisting and thereby gaining an understanding of the developmental process of the retroesophageal right subclavian artery in each instance, we made schematic diagrams showing the various components of the embryonic aortic arch complex as the prototype just before the anomaly occurred. Based on these diagrams, we conclude that immediately preceding the disappearance of the distal part of the right dorsal aorta and the dorsal part of the right sixth aortic arch, the third intersegmental artery was situated opposite to the fourth aortic arch and the seventh intersegmental artery was situated cranial to the point of junction of the right and left dorsal aortae.

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“…The relative binding to each site was compared by counting the individual grains with an oil emulsion lens (x 1,000 magnification) in 12 separate areas of 7 x 7 gm2 from each section studied, which yielded a total grain count area of nearly 600 gm2 for each section. To minimize bias in the counting, the same squares in the graticule were assessed for each tissue, and the grains were counted by an individual who was not aware of which region was being counted.…”

Section: Autoradiographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoradiographic mapping of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in human and guinea pig hearts.

et al. 1990

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Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide that is a potent coronary vasodilator. Although CGRP is found in high concentrations around coronary arteries, its precise function in the control of coronary vasomotor tone remains unclear. We studied the distribution of specific receptors for CGRP in guinea pig and human hearts and found that the highest concentration of specific receptors for CGRP was in the major coronary arteries, which is consistent with the hypothesis that CGRP is implicated in control of coronary vasomotor tone. Areas of coronary artery with atheroma contained significantly decreased (158+±35 grains/1,000 jLm2 tissue, n=3) binding sites compared with binding sites in normal arteries (266±10 grains/1,000 ,um2 tissue, n=11; p<0.001, t test). The decrease in receptors for CGRP around atheroma may predispose these vessels to coronary spasm. (Circulation 1990;81:741-747) C alcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a 37-amino acid peptide, the existence of which was predicted by analysis of the calcitonin gene.1 CGRP has been detected in various tissues, including the thyroid gland,2 neuroendocrine cells,3 and peripheral sensory nerves, and its physiologic importance is unknown.CGRP is an extremely potent vasodilator in animal and human vessels,4 including coronary arteries.5 Immunohistochemical studies of animal and human tissues have shown that CGRP is localized to the nerves around the coronary arteries and arterioles.6 CGRP may be detected in the circulation in picomolar concentrations,4 and infusion of CGRP into the coronary arteries causes dilatation of large and small vessels.57 However, because CGRP almost certainly has its major effects by local release from nerves, the relevance of infusion studies may be questioned. receptor-binding studies of membrane preparations do not give information about the localization of receptors, we investigated the distribution of CGRP receptors with an autoradiographic technique in human hearts removed at cardiac transplantation and in guinea pig hearts. Methods Tissue PreparationHuman coronary arteries and hearts were removed at cardiac transplantation. Five human hearts were studied, and all the patients were suffering from end-stage ischemic heart disease. The myocardial sections were taken from grossly noninfarcted tissue, and the arteries were a mixture of angiographically normal, stenosed, and occluded vessels. Guinea pig hearts were removed from freshly killed animals.The

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Cardio-Vascular System

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Left juxtaposition of the auricles with l-position of the aorta. Report of 6 cases.

Left juxtaposition of the auricles with l-position of the aorta. Report of 6 cases.

A schematic diagram showing the various components of the embryonic aortic arch complex in the retroesophageal right subclavian artery

Autoradiographic mapping of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors in human and guinea pig hearts.

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