Cardio-Metabolic Disorders in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

With the progressive epidemics of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children. The increasing prevalence and incidence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis is concerning because patients appear to experience higher non-liver-related morbidity and mortality than the general population. Recent clinical evidence suggests that NAFLD is directly associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders. This mini review describes briefly the current understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, summarizing the link between NAFLD and cardio-metabolic complications, focusing mainly upon ischemic stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, it describes briefly the current understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Relationship between Heart Disease and Liver Disease: A Two-Way Street

“…Bariatric surgery represents a recommended choice for morbidly obese individualsif lifestyle modifications and pharmacological approach have not yielded long-term success. It provides cardiovascular benefits in terms of reducing overall mortality by improving hepatic inflammation, metabolic syndrome components, and cardiac morphology [96,117].…”

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Comorbidities: Pathophysiological Links, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management

“…Regarding the pathophysiology of the correlation between NAFLD and stroke, evidence suggests a relationship between ischemic stroke and biological markers of NAFLD [135]. These biological markers are represented by AST, ALT, and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT).…”

The synergistic effect of Citrus bergamia and Cynara cardunculus extracts on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Growing evidence suggests that Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) represents the most relevant form of liver dysfunction occurring in industrialized countries, mostly due to sedentary lifestyle and an excess of dietary calories intake. 1 In addition, the occurrence of NAFLD represents per se a consistent risk factor of developing cardiovascular diseases including arterial hypertension, stroke and coronary artery disease, being liver dysfunction associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis development, 2 , 3 though the pathophysiological mechanisms and the appropriate treatment remain to be better assessed.…”