Cardinal Buoys: An Opportunity for the Study of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in Coastal Ecosystems

Gac, Jean-Philippe; Marrec, Pierre; Cariou, Thierry; Guillerm, Christophe; Macé, Éric; Vernet, Marc; Bozec, Yann

doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00712

Cited by 13 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…During spring, biological processes controlled the DIC/pCO 2 signal at all three sites as previously observed (Marrec, 2014;Salt et al, 2016;Gac et al, 2020). This period was characterized FIGURE 7 | DIC (µmol kg −1 ) vs. TA (µmol kg −1 ) and nDIC (µmol kg −1 ) vs. nTA (µmol kg −1 ) at (A,B) SOMLIT-Brest, (C,D) SOMLIT-pier, and (E,F) SOMLIT-offshore with the (F) dominant annual processes affecting the carbonate system and their stoichiometric influence on nDIC and nTA.…”

Section: Comparison Between Ecosystems Of the Processes Controlling The Carbonate Systemsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The calculated uncertainties were estimated at 0.6% for pH, 0.5% for DIC, and 14% for aragonite (Millero et al, 2007;McLaughlin et al, 2015). The average of pCO 2 uncertainties was close to the uncertainties estimated in Gac et al (2020), with 18 µatm based on TA/DIC and 11 µatm based on TA/pH. In 2017, three carbonate parameters (pH, DIC, and TA) were collected at the same time at SOMLIT-offshore.…”

Section: Weekly and Bimonthly Measurements Of The Long-term Time Seriessupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The seasonal patterns of pCO 2 and air-sea CO 2 fluxes in the WEC have been extensively investigated (Borges and Frankignoulle, 2003;Padin et al, 2007;Dumousseaud et al, 2010;Litt et al, 2010;Kitidis et al, 2012;Marrec et al, 2013Marrec et al, , 2014 but never based on large carbonate system datasets such as in the present study, with almost a decade of discrete DIC/TA data at three contrasted coastal sites. The seasonal pCO 2 signal has conventionally been divided into "thermal" (pCO 2 therm ) and "non-thermal" (pCO 2 non−therm ) signals to disentangle thermal from biological (OM production/remineralization) processes impacting the pCO 2 seasonal dynamics in the WEC (Marrec et al, 2013, Gac et al, 2020 or in the Bay of Brest (Bozec et al, 2011). However, in such nearshore ecosystems, the carbonate system can be affected by various other processes, such as estuarine inputs, mixing, air-sea CO 2 fluxes, calcification/dissolution of CaCO 3 , or pelagic/benthic coupling (Salt et al, 2016;Chen and Hu, 2019; Figure 7).…”

Section: Comparison Between Ecosystems Of the Processes Controlling The Carbonate Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 2008 to 2020, we performed weekly to bimonthly observations of carbonate system and ancillary physical and biogeochemical parameters at these northeast Atlantic Ocean coastal stations. The present study, which builds on the work of Salt et al (2016) and Gac et al (2020), aims to decipher, for the first time, trends and drivers of OA in NE Atlantic coastal waters based on long-term time series. In light of the relatively long duration of the study, we attempt to identify the main factors influencing the variability of the carbonate system from local [rivers, Net Ecosystem Production (NEP)] to large-scale [North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV)] processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2021

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Weekly and bi-monthly carbonate system parameters and ancillary data were collected from 2008 to 2020 in three coastal ecosystems of the southern Western English Channel (sWEC) (SOMLIT-pier and SOMLIT-offshore) and Bay of Brest (SOMLIT-Brest) located in the North East Atlantic Ocean. The main drivers of seasonal and interannual partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) variabilities were the net ecosystem production (NEP) and thermodynamics. Differences were observed between stations, with a higher biological influence on pCO2 and DIC in the near-shore ecosystems, driven by both benthic and pelagic communities. The impact of riverine inputs on DIC dynamics was more pronounced at SOMLIT-Brest (7%) than at SOMLIT-pier (3%) and SOMLIT-offshore (<1%). These three ecosystems acted as a weak source of CO2 to the atmosphere of 0.18 ± 0.10, 0.11 ± 0.12, and 0.39 ± 0.08 mol m–2 year–1, respectively. Interannually, air-sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2) variability was low at SOMLIT-offshore and SOMLIT-pier, whereas SOMLIT-Brest occasionally switched to weak annual sinks of atmospheric CO2, driven by enhanced spring NEP compared to annual means. Over the 2008–2018 period, monthly total alkalinity (TA) and DIC anomalies were characterized by significant positive trends (p-values < 0.001), from 0.49 ± 0.20 to 2.21 ± 0.39 μmol kg−1 year−1 for TA, and from 1.93 ± 0.28 to 2.98 ± 0.39 μmol kg–1 year–1 for DIC. These trends were associated with significant increases of calculated seawater pCO2, ranging from +2.95 ± 1.04 to 3.52 ± 0.47 μatm year–1, and strong reductions of calculated pHin situ, with a mean pHin situ decrease of 0.0028 year–1. This ocean acidification (OA) was driven by atmospheric CO2 forcing (57–66%), Sea surface temperature (SST) increase (31–37%), and changes in salinity (2–5%). Additional pHin situ data extended these observed trends to the 2008–2020 period and indicated an acceleration of OA, reflected by a mean pHin situ decrease of 0.0046 year–1 in the sWEC for that period. Further observations over the 1998–2020 period revealed that the climatic indices North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) were linked to trends of SST, with cooling during 1998–2010 and warming during 2010–2020, which might have impacted OA trends at our coastal stations. These results suggested large temporal variability of OA in coastal ecosystems of the sWEC and underlined the necessity to maintain high-resolution and long-term observations of carbonate parameters in coastal ecosystems.

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Section: Comparison Between Ecosystems Of the Processes Controlling The Carbonate Systemsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Weekly and Bimonthly Measurements Of The Long-term Time Seriessupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Comparison Between Ecosystems Of the Processes Controlling The Carbonate Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

et al. 2021

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“…These findings emphasize the importance of continuous measurements at fixed locations providing temporal coverage on processes, in addition to VOS-lines providing spatial coverage. Autonomous high frequency measurements of carbonate system at fixed sites have proved to be valuable in the assessment of short-term variability of carbonate system (Gac et al, 2020). As European seas are spatially highly heterogeneous, we need organized efforts to map the diurnal variability of the carbon system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal cycle of the CO<sub>2</sub> system in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea

Honkanen

Müller

Seppälä

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The direction and magnitude of carbon dioxide exchange between the atmosphere and the sea is regulated by their difference in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2). Typically, observations of pCO2 are carried out by using research vessels and voluntary observing ships which cannot easily detect the diurnal cycle of pCO2 at a given location. This study evaluates the magnitude and driving processes of the diurnal cycle of pCO2 in a coastal region of the Baltic Sea during the different seasons.We present pCO2 data from July 2018–June 2019 carried out in the vicinity of the island of Utö in the Archipelago Sea and quantify the relevant physical, biological and chemical processes affecting pCO2. The highest monthly median diurnal pCO2 peak-to-peak amplitude (31 μatm) was observed in August. This high diurnal variation was found to be related predominantly to biological processes. The biological transformations of carbon generated a sinusoidal diurnal pCO2 variation, with a maximum in the morning and a minimum in the afternoon. Compared to the biological carbon transformations, the effect of air sea exchange of carbon dioxide and the effect of temperature changes on pCO2 are smaller, with their monthly median peak-to-peak amplitudes were up to 12 and 5 μatm, respectively. Single diurnal peak-to-peak amplitudes can be significantly larger (up to 500 μatm), during upwelling. If the net exchange of carbon dioxide between the sea and atmosphere on our study site and sampling period is calculated based on a data set that consists of only one measurement per day, the error in the budget depends on the sampling time and can be up to &pm;12 %.

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Phytoplanktonic Response to simulated Volcanic and Desert Dust Deposition Events in the South Indian and Southern Oceans

Geisen¹,

Ridame²,

Journet³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Major seasonal community reorganizations and associated biomass variations are landmarks of plankton ecology. However, the processes of plankton community turnover rates have not been fully elucidated so far. Here, we analyse patterns of planktonic protist community succession in temperate latitudes, based on quantitative taxonomic data from both microscopy counts (cells >10 μm) and ribosomal DNA metabarcoding (size fraction >3 μm, 18S rRNA gene) from plankton samples collected bimonthly over 8 years (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) at the SOMLIT-Astan station (Roscoff, Western English Channel). Based on morphology, diatoms were clearly the dominating group all year round and over the study period. Metabarcoding uncovered a wider diversity spectrum and revealed the prevalence of Dinophyceae and diatoms but also of Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta, Cercozoa, Syndiniales and Ciliophora in terms of read counts and or richness. The use of morphological and molecular analyses in combination allowed improving the taxonomic resolution and to identify the sequence of the dominant species and OTUs (18S V4 rDNA-derived taxa) that drive annual planktonThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Cardinal Buoys: An Opportunity for the Study of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in Coastal Ecosystems

Cited by 13 publications

References 127 publications

Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

Diurnal cycle of the CO<sub>2</sub> system in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea

Phytoplanktonic Response to simulated Volcanic and Desert Dust Deposition Events in the South Indian and Southern Oceans

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Cardinal Buoys: An Opportunity for the Study of Air-Sea CO2 Fluxes in Coastal Ecosystems

Cited by 13 publications

References 127 publications

Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

Decadal Dynamics of the CO2 System and Associated Ocean Acidification in Coastal Ecosystems of the North East Atlantic Ocean

Diurnal cycle of the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; system in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea

Phytoplanktonic Response to simulated Volcanic and Desert Dust Deposition Events in the South Indian and Southern Oceans

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Diurnal cycle of the CO<sub>2</sub> system in the coastal region of the Baltic Sea