Cardiac Troponin Biosensor Designs: Current Developments and Remaining Challenges

Campu, Andreea; Muresan, Ilinca; Craciun, Ana-Maria; Căinap, Simona; Aştilean, Simion; Focșan, Monica

doi:10.3390/ijms23147728

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…A striking advantage of the sensor presented here is its simple and inexpensive design compared to other more complex and complicated optical methods, such as SPR [ 21 ], fluorescence, or electrochemiluminescence [ 17 , 18 ]. Other advantages of the setup are the small size and the inherent multiplexing ability to expand the approach to a set of biomarkers of interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemiluminescence Biosensor for the Determination of Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)

et al. 2023

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Cardiac vascular diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therefore cardio-specific biomarkers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) play an essential role in the field of diagnostics. In order to enable rapid and accurate measurement of cTnI with the potential of online measurements, a chemiluminescence-based immunosensor is presented as a proof of concept. A flow cell was designed and combined with a sensitive CMOS camera allowing sensitive optical readout. In addition, a microfluidic setup was established, which achieved selective and quasi-online cTnI determination within ten minutes. The sensor was tested with recombinant cTnI in phosphate buffer and demonstrated cTnI measurements in the concentration range of 2–25 µg/L. With the optimized system, a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.6 µg/L (23 pmol/L) was achieved. Furthermore, the selectivity of the immunosensor was investigated with other recombinant proteins, such as cTnT, and cTnC, at a level of 16 µg/L. No cross-reactivity could be observed. Measurements with diluted blood plasma and serum resulted in an LoD of 60 µg/L (2.4 nmol/L) and 70 µg/L (2.9 nmol/L), respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is not possible to discuss them in detail here. We refer instead to some excellent reviews covering this topic [ 17 , 18 ]. A common technique for quantifying troponin is the sandwich ELISA, which is well-established but usually a laboratory-based approach due to its heterogeneous assay principle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemiluminescence Biosensor for the Determination of Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)

et al. 2023

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“…Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) are cardiac regulatory proteins that control the calcium-mediated interaction between actin and myosin. Indeed, troponins, our current “gold standard” biomarker criterion for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, have high sensitivity and specificity for this diagnosis, and therapies instituted in patients with elevated troponin have been shown to influence outcomes. − Previous, less sensitive methods of measuring cTn were unlikely to detect cTn, except in patients with an acute cardiac disorder. Thus, a “positive” cTn result (i.e., above the LOD) was particular.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Detection of Cardiac Biomarkers: A Review on Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensors

Zadeh

Hosseini

Mohammadnejad

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Biosensors are valuable tools for the detection of biological species, including cells, pathogens, proteins, and other biological molecules. Biosensing devices integrated with microfluidics not only allow for easier sample preparation, portability, and reduced detection time and cost but also offer unique features such as label-free detection and improved sensitivity. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly acute myocardial infarction, which is considered one of the main causes of death, are currently diagnosed by electrocardiography (ECG), which has been proven to be inadequate. To overcome the limitations of ECG, the efficient detection of cardiac biomarkers and specifically the measurement of cardiac troponins (cTnT and cTnI) are suggested. This review aims to expound on microfluidics, the most recent materials to develop these devices, and their application in medical diagnosis, particularly in CVD detection. Moreover, we will explore some of the prevalent and last readout methods to investigate in-depth electrochemical label-free detection methods for CVDs, primarily based on voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, with the main focus on structural details.

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“…Among the known biochemical markers of early AMI, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered the golden standard in medical diagnosis [ 3 ]. In addition to being a protein specifically related to myocardial damage, it can also remain in the myocardial tissue for a long time and is released from the cells in levels of a very low concentration within 3–4 h after the onset of AMI symptoms [ 4 , 5 ]. For these reasons, a sensitive method for detecting cTnI is reasonable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical Determination of Cardiac Troponin I as a Biomarker of Myocardial Infarction Using a Bi2S3 Film Electrodeposited on a BiVO4-Coated Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode

et al. 2023

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A sensitive and selective label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunosensor was designed for the detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The platform was based on a fluorine-doped, tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass photoelectrode modified with bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) and sensitized by an electrodeposited bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) film. The PEC response of the Bi2S3/BiVO4/FTO platform for the ascorbic acid (AA) donor molecule was approximately 1.6-fold higher than the response observed in the absence of Bi2S3. The cTnI antibodies (anti-cTnI) were immobilized on the Bi2S3/BiVO4/FTO platform surface to produce the anti-cTnI/Bi2S3/BiVO4/FTO immunosensor, which was incubated in cTnI solution to inhibit the AA photocurrent. The photocurrent obtained by the proposed immunosensor presented a linear relationship with the logarithm of the cTnI concentration, ranging from 1 pg mL−1 to 1000 ng mL−1. The immunosensor was successfully employed in artificial blood plasma samples for the detection of cTnI, with recovery values ranging from 98.0% to 98.5%.

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Cardiac Troponin Biosensor Designs: Current Developments and Remaining Challenges

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

Chemiluminescence Biosensor for the Determination of Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)

Chemiluminescence Biosensor for the Determination of Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI)

Label-Free Detection of Cardiac Biomarkers: A Review on Microfluidic Electrochemical Biosensors

Photoelectrochemical Determination of Cardiac Troponin I as a Biomarker of Myocardial Infarction Using a Bi2S3 Film Electrodeposited on a BiVO4-Coated Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxide Electrode

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