Cardiac Tamponade Unmasking Recurrent Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

Pericardial disease is a common manifestation of malignancy. Gynecologic malignancies such as ovarian cancer rarely present with cardiac involvement. Cardiac tamponade may be the initial presentation of malignancy in as many as half of pericardial disease cases. We report the case of a 60-year-old female with known ovarian adenocarcinoma, who achieved initial success with tumor debulking and adjuvant chemotherapy but was lost to follow-up. She presented again three years later with new-onset dyspnea and described a syncopal episode. A chest radiograph showed an enlarged cardiac silhouette and bilateral pleural effusions. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large pericardial effusion with diastolic collapse of the right atrium and ventricle, consistent with tamponade physiology. Subxiphoid pericardiocentesis and pigtail drain were placed under fluoroscopy with resolution of symptoms and no recurrence. Neoplastic etiology was confirmed by immunocytochemistry on cell block positive for PAX-8. As an adjunct or alternative to cytologic evaluation, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient can be used to differentiate between malignant and benign effusions. Malignant pericardial effusion in ovarian cancer is a treatable oncologic emergency where timely diagnosis and management may facilitate palliation and prolong life.