Cardiac T₁ mapping: Techniques and applications

Abstract

A key advantage of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging over other cardiac imaging modalities is the ability to perform detailed tissue characterization. CMR techniques continue to evolve, with advanced imaging sequences being developed to provide a reproducible, quantitative method of tissue interrogation. The T 1 mapping technique, a pixel-by-pixel method of quantifying T 1 relaxation time of soft tissues, has been shown to be promising for characterization of diseased myocardium in a wide variety of cardiomyopathies. In this review, we describe the basic principles and common techniques for T 1 mapping and its use for native T 1 , postcontrast T 1 , and extracellular volume mapping. We will review a wide range of clinical applications of the technique that can be used for identification and quantification of myocardial edema, fibrosis, and infiltrative diseases with illustrative clinical examples. In addition, we will explore the current limitations of the technique and describe some areas of ongoing development. Level of Evidence: 5 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

The Value of MR-DWI and T1 Mapping in Indicating Radiation-Induced Soft Tissue Injury

“…Compared with ADC value, T1 mapping is a new magnetic resonance technique, a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging technique, which can directly measure tissue T1 relaxation value (referred to as T1 value), reflecting the edema of myocardial cells and the degree of fibrosis of interstitium, so as to evaluate local and diffuse myocardial lesions. Prolonged myocardial T1 values occur in most pathological conditions, including edema, as well as some chronic cardiac insufficiency and systemic diseases (16). There are also studies that apply T1 mapping to the evaluation of liver fibrosis and liver function, and they found that it had an important value (17,18).…”

The role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic work-up of patients with cardiomyopathies

“…Mapiranje T1 je tehnika snimanja MRa srca u kojoj se svakom vokselu dodjeljuje vrijednost vremena re laksacije T1 i te vrijednosti prikazujemo parametrij skim mapama gdje piksel predstavlja vrijednosti vre mena relaksacije T1 određenog voksela. 11,12 Mape T1 su 2Dprikazi, najčešće u boji, s referentnom skalom vrijednosti za lakšu vizualnu interpretaciju rezultata. 13 Može se mapirati i analizirati cijeli miokard ili područ je interesa (engl.…”

“…region of interest, ROI). 11 Svako tkivo ima određene i konstantne vrijednosti vremena relak sacije T1. 12 Poznavanje vrijednosti normalnog raspona vremena relaksacije T1 omogućuje prepoznavanje ab normalnosti miokarda bez obzira ima li osoba tkivo normalnog miokarda.…”

“…12 Poznavanje vrijednosti normalnog raspona vremena relaksacije T1 omogućuje prepoznavanje ab normalnosti miokarda bez obzira ima li osoba tkivo normalnog miokarda. 11 Može se poslužiti kontrastnim sredstvima pri mapiranju T1 i to se naziva postkon trastnim mapiranjem T1, dok se mapiranje T1 bez kontrastnih sredstava naziva nativno mapiranje T1. Pomoću postkontrastnog i nativnog mapiranja T1 može se izračunati izvanstanični volumen (engl.…”

Myocardial Fibrosis in Heart Failure: Anti-Fibrotic Therapies and the Role of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Drug Trials

“…Disruption of the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM) has an important role in the adverse myocardial remodelling that leads to systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction and the eventual development of chronic heart failure [ 1 , 2 ]. Myocardial fibrosis is characterised by the disproportionate accumulation of collagen in the ECM and it can be focal (following an acute ischaemic event) or diffuse (in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy) [ 3 ]. Its presence is an important prognostic marker in the development of adverse cardiovascular events such as acute heart failure, malignant arrhythmia and death.…”