Cardiac Stem Cell-based Regenerative Therapy for the Ischemic Injured Heart — a Short Update 2017

Gyöngyösi, Mariann; Lukovic, Dominika; Zlabinger, Katrin; Mandic, Ljubica; Winkler, Johannes; Gugerell, Alfred

doi:10.1515/jce-2017-0009

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A large number of clinical trials have since demonstrated a good safety record for injecting stem cells into patients after myocardial infarction. Comprehensive surveys of these trials concluded an overall modest efficacy in improving cardiac function, indicating considerable variance and discrepancy with animal studies, while the long-term benefits remained uncertain [ 134 – 138 ]. For instance, of a dozen studies using injected bone marrow mononuclear cells, three noted an improved left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas other studies did not record differences in the patients' cardiac parameters, and the optimal timing of these injections after cardiac injury also remained unclear [ 135 ].…”

Section: Stem Cell Engraftment In the Cardiac Niche: Stem Cell Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development

Aguilar-Sanchez

Michael

Pennings

2018

Stem Cells International

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Heart development in mammals is followed by a postnatal decline in cell proliferation and cell renewal from stem cell populations. A better understanding of the developmental changes in cardiac microenvironments occurring during heart maturation will be informative regarding the loss of adult regenerative potential. We reevaluate the adult heart's mitotic potential and the reported adult cardiac stem cell populations, as these are two topics of ongoing debate. The heart's early capacity for cell proliferation driven by progenitors and reciprocal signalling is demonstrated throughout development. The mature heart architecture and environment may be more restrictive on niches that can host progenitor cells. The engraftment issues observed in cardiac stem cell therapy trials using exogenous stem cells may indicate a lack of supporting stem cell niches, while tissue injury adds to a hostile microenvironment for transplanted cells. Engraftment may be improved by preconditioning the cultured stem cells and modulating the microenvironment to host these cells. These prospective areas of further research would benefit from a better understanding of cardiac progenitor interactions with their microenvironment throughout development and may lead to enhanced cardiac niche support for stem cell therapy engraftment.

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Section: Stem Cell Engraftment In the Cardiac Niche: Stem Cell Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development

Aguilar-Sanchez

Michael

Pennings

2018

Stem Cells International

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“…The difference in results is thought to be due to the source of stem cells. In animal trials, MSCs were harvested from healthy donors; however, in comparison in the clinical trials, the stem cells were collected from the patient with known atherosclerotic disease and potentially other serious co-morbidities [45]. Further research in this field continues to evolve to in order to create a successful therapy.…”

Section: Tissue Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaffold Biomaterials in Tissue Regeneration in Surgery

Iddles¹,

Lazaraviciute²,

Chaturvedi³

et al. 2018

Tissue Regeneration

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This chapter will focus on the subject of tissue regeneration in a variety of different surgical fields and operations. We will explore the use of acellular dermal matrices, stem cell-based therapies, gene regulation, emerging 3D printing techniques and their potential applications in surgery. Acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) are biological materials derived from human or animal tissue through complicated and expensive decellularisation processes, leading to acellular material that can be used to aid tissue healing. ADMs were first introduced for the treatment of burn injuries, but are now widely used in a variety of surgical fields, including abdominal wall and breast reconstruction. A wide range of materials can be used to produce ADMs, but usually include bovine, porcine or human tissues (e.g., dermis and pericardium). ADMs act as scaffolds onto which human tissue can incorporate, allowing for an innovative, yet a very effective way to aid tissue regeneration. Stem cell therapies also hold promise in aiding tissue regeneration in the coming years and we will also explore techniques that are currently being researched by prominent scientists all across the world. For example, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a potentially revolutionary therapy in regenerative medicine. We will review the current evidence available and consider the possible clinical applications of ASCs, including their potential to treat ischaemic diseases and their role in healing chronic wounds. ASCs are adult stem cells, which display similar morphology and differentiation properties to adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The multiple linage pathways displayed by ASCs allows a variety of tissues to be repaired and maintained. Moreover, adipose tissue is abundant, easily accessible and is able to be repeatedly harvested with low morbidity. Previously, autologous fat grafting was more commonly utilised for managing volume defects in reconstructive and plastic surgery; however, recent literature has revealed promising therapeutic effects of ASCs in tissue regeneration. Finally, gene regulation, which holds promise in musculoskeletal diseases, and 3D printed scaffolds that aid neural regeneration will also be discussed in this chapter as emerging, and potentially very promising, tissue regeneration techniques.

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“…Stem cells (SCs) have been proposed to represent a viable therapy option in these cases. However, despite the great enthusiasm at the beginning of the SC era, justified by promising initial results, this therapy has failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in large clinical trials[ 2 ]. This lack of significant clinical benefit was initially attributed to the different origins of the SCs and the different routes of delivery used in clinical trials[ 3 - 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell-derived exosomes - an emerging tool for myocardial regeneration

Lázár

Benedek

Korodi

et al. 2018

WJSC

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to represent the number one cause of death and disability in industrialized countries. The most severe form of CVD is acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a devastating disease associated with high mortality and disability. In a substantial proportion of patients who survive AMI, loss of functional cardiomyocytes as a result of ischaemic injury leads to ventricular failure, resulting in significant alteration to quality of life and increased mortality. Therefore, many attempts have been made in recent years to identify new tools for the regeneration of functional cardiomyocytes. Regenerative therapy currently represents the ultimate goal for restoring the function of damaged myocardium by stimulating the regeneration of the infarcted tissue or by providing cells that can generate new myocardial tissue to replace the damaged tissue. Stem cells (SCs) have been proposed as a viable therapy option in these cases. However, despite the great enthusiasm at the beginning of the SC era, justified by promising initial results, this therapy has failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in large clinical trials. One interesting finding of SC studies is that exosomes released by mesenchymal SCs (MSCs) are able to enhance the viability of cardiomyocytes after ischaemia/reperfusion injury, suggesting that the beneficial effects of MSCs in the recovery of functional myocardium could be related to their capacity to secrete exosomes. Ten years ago, it was discovered that exosomes have the unique property of transferring miRNA between cells, acting as miRNA nanocarriers. Therefore, exosome-based therapy has recently been proposed as an emerging tool for cardiac regeneration as an alternative to SC therapy in the post-infarction period. This review aims to discuss the emerging role of exosomes in developing innovative therapies for cardiac regeneration as well as their potential role as candidate biomarkers or for developing new diagnostic tools.

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Cardiac Stem Cell-based Regenerative Therapy for the Ischemic Injured Heart — a Short Update 2017

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development

Cardiac Stem Cells in the Postnatal Heart: Lessons from Development

Scaffold Biomaterials in Tissue Regeneration in Surgery

Stem cell-derived exosomes - an emerging tool for myocardial regeneration

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