Cardiac Response to Exercise in Normal Ageing: What Can We Learn from Masters Athletes?

Beaumont, Alexander; Campbell, Amy; Grace, Fergal; Sculthorpe, Nicholas

doi:10.2174/1573403x14666180810155513

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This difference was due to lower functionality of the body systems as well as lower resistance to fatigue, and functional and morphological changes in the heart (Brugada and Benito, 2006). An effect of age on exercise capacity was not found for athletes of either gender as previously described (Beaumont et al, 2018). However, we consider that a regular training programme can provide better and more valuable functionality and morphological changes in the cardiopulmonary system, as well as reduced the risk of cardiac diseases and mortality in competing athletes (Corrado et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Exercise, Chronotropic and Inotropic Capacity in Athletes with Different Training Programmes

Rozenštoka¹,

Ērglis

2020

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Amateur sport has significant influence on peoples' physical activity and affects the prevalence of non-communicable diseases. The population of competing amateur athletes has not been sufficiently studied, and there is a huge gap between functional results of untrained individuals and professional athletes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the exercise capacity and chronotropic, inotropic capacity in amateur athletes with different training programmes, as assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In a longitudinal prospective study, 600 amateur athletes who performed high dynamic load sports, according to the Mitchell Classification of Sports, were assessed. The individuals underwent standard maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing on the ISO certified Master screen CPX system. The exercise capacity was dependent on the training programme organisation, regularity and duration, but it was not dependent on age. During maximum work-rate, the functional parameters of the cardiorespiratory system and inotropic capacity were significantly dependent on duration of the training programme. Chronotropic and inotropic capacity, as well as cardiorespiratory adaptation were significantly higher for competing amateur athletes of both genders than for untrained individuals. The study showed that amateur athletes with a training programme 300 minutes per week had higher exercise capacity, which was based on the individually suitable training programme, and higher aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Regular pre-competition medical assessment of amateur athletes can be used to objectively evaluate their health condition, adaptation, cardiac risk and make changes in the athletes' training programme.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Exercise, Chronotropic and Inotropic Capacity in Athletes with Different Training Programmes

Rozenštoka¹,

Ērglis

2020

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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“…With increasing age, an increase in ventricular stiffness contributes to worsening left ventricular (LV) diastolic function [86] that is reflected by reductions in early inflow velocity, ratio of early-to-late inflow velocity [87], early diastolic tissue velocity, and increases in the isovolumic relaxation time and the time constant of isovolumic pressure decay [86,88]. Lifelong exercisers have a greater stroke volume and consequently a superior functional capacity and cardiovascular reserve than their sedentary peers [86,89] at least partly attributable to larger left and right ventricular mass and end-diastolic volume [90].…”

Section: Cardiac Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Insights in the Age-related Decline in Sports Performance of the Older Athlete

Ganse

Degens

2021

Int J Sports Med

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The higher performance level of master athletes compared to non-athletes is often associated with better health throughout life. However, even the physical performance of master athletes declines with age, and this decline accelerates from about the age of 70 years onwards. A progressive loss of muscle mass, declines in force- and power-generating capacity, decreased flexibility, and the concomitant decline in specific tension characterize the muscular changes underlying performance declines. In the cardiovascular system, declines in stroke volume and cardiac output, and cardiac and vascular stiffness contribute to decreasing performance. Recent studies have shown that long-term endurance exercise in master athletes does not only have positive effects, but is associated with an increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, atherosclerotic plaques, and aortic dilation, and even more so in men than in women. Recently, larger longitudinal datasets were analysed and showed that the age-related decline in performance was similar in longitudinal and cross-sectional data. In conclusion, regular physical activity enhances the exercise capacity, and hence quality of life in old age, but it is not without risks.

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“…All the aforementioned studies have been performed on athletes younger than 50 years of age, many including athletes even younger than 40 years. Data from older individuals have been comprehensively reviewed by Beaumont et al [ 16 ] and complemented by additional studies [ 17 – 19 ]. Others described rather small cohorts [ 16 , 18 ], or cohorts of mixed young and older individuals [ 11 , 20 – 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from older individuals have been comprehensively reviewed by Beaumont et al [ 16 ] and complemented by additional studies [ 17 – 19 ]. Others described rather small cohorts [ 16 , 18 ], or cohorts of mixed young and older individuals [ 11 , 20 – 23 ]. In addition to the remodeling capacities, Bohm et al addressed the question if too ambitious engagement in endurance sports in older adults is deleterious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac remodeling in ambitious endurance-trained amateur athletes older than 50 years–an observational study

et al. 2022

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Background Data on cardiac remodeling in veteran athletes are conflicting but of clinical importance. Methods Sixty-nine clinically stable and healthy individuals >50 years were identified (median 55 (IQR 52–64), 26% female). Echocardiographic features were identified in individuals, who have performed endurance sports at 70% of their maximum heart rate for at least 1 hour 3 times/ week over the previous 5 years. Results Median training time in all participants was 6 hours per week. Therefore, based on these 6 hours of weekly training, participants were grouped into 45 ambitious endurance-trained amateur athletes (EAA) and 24 recreationally active endurance-trained athletes (RAP) training ≥6 hours (6–10) and <6 hours (3.5–5), respectively. Left ventricular (LV) diameters were slightly larger in EAA than in RAP (27 mm/m2 (25–28) vs. 25 mm/m2 (24–27), p = 0.023) and EAA showed preserved diastolic function (p = 0.028) with lower E/E’ ratio (7 (6–9) vs. 9 (7–10), p = 0.039). Interventricular septal thickness and relative wall thickness ratio were similar. Global right ventricular and LV strain were similar, but left atrial (LA) reservoir strain was higher in EAA than in RAP (27% (22–34) vs. 20% (15–29), p = 0.002). Conclusions Endurance training in healthy athletes >50 years is not associated with chamber dilatation or LV hypertrophy. A weekly training duration of ≥6 hours seems beneficial to preserve diastolic function associated with an increased LA reservoir function.

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Cardiac Response to Exercise in Normal Ageing: What Can We Learn from Masters Athletes?

Abstract: This review examines evidence from studies which have compared cardiac structure and function in well trained older athletes, with age-matched controls but otherwise healthy.

Cited by 11 publications

References 87 publications

Exercise, Chronotropic and Inotropic Capacity in Athletes with Different Training Programmes

Exercise, Chronotropic and Inotropic Capacity in Athletes with Different Training Programmes

Current Insights in the Age-related Decline in Sports Performance of the Older Athlete

Cardiac remodeling in ambitious endurance-trained amateur athletes older than 50 years–an observational study

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